(PM3A) ENT - Throat

Question 1

What composes the throat?

Answer 1

(1) Pharynx

(2) Larynx

Question 2

What are the subdivisions of the pharynx?

Answer 2

(1) Nasopharynx

(2) Oropharynx

(3) Laryngopharynx

Question 3

Where is the epiglottis?

Answer 3

By the larynx

Question 4

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Answer 4

Prevents food from entering the trachea

Question 5

What is the hard palate?

Answer 5

Roof of the mouth

Question 6

What is the larynx?

Answer 6

Vocal chords

Question 7

Where is the adenoid?

Answer 7

In the nasopharynx

Question 8

Where are the tonsils?

Answer 8

In the oropharynx

Question 9

What is the trachea?

Answer 9

Windpipe

Question 10

What is the oesophagus?

Answer 10

Digestive pipe

Connects pharynx to stomach

Question 11

What is the main condition of the throat?

Answer 11

Sore throat

(1) Pharyngitis

(2) Tonsillitis

Question 12

Which conditions can cause a sore throat?

Answer 12

(1) Pharyngitis

(2) Tonsillitis

Question 13

What is an acute sore throat?

Answer 13

Pharyngitis/ tonsillitis

Inflammation of the throat

Question 14

What is laryngitis?

Answer 14

Inflammation of the larynx

Common symptom affects the voice

Question 15

What often causes an acute sore throat?

Answer 15

Viral infection

Question 16

What often causes an acute sore throat?

Answer 16

Viral infections

Can be bacterial

via airborne drops or direct contact

Question 17

What often causes pharyngitis?

Answer 17

Viral infections

Can be bacterial

via airborne drops or direct contact

Question 18

What often causes tonsillitis?

Answer 18

Viral infections

Can be bacterial

via airborne drops or direct contact

Question 19

What are some common symptoms of pharyngitis?

Answer 19

(1) Sore throat

(2) Fever

(3) Difficulty swallowing

(4) Throat inflammation

Question 20

What are some common symptoms of tonsillitis?

Answer 20

(1) Sore throat

(2) Fever

(3) Difficulty swallowing

(4) Tonsil inflammation - mainly

Question 21

Are acute sore throat conditions self-limiting?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

How is the treatment plan for acute sore throat determined?

Answer 22

(1) FeverPAIN score

(2) CENTOR score

Question 23

What is the treatment for bacterial acute sore throat?

Answer 23

(1) Phenoxymethylpenicillin 500mg QDS 5-10 days

(2) Painkillers

(3) Fluids

Question 24

What is the FeverPAIN score?

Answer 24

1 point for each, max score of 5

(1) Fever
(2) Purulence
(3) Severely inflamed tonsils
(4) No cough/ coryza
(5) Attend within ≤3 days

Question 25

What is coryza?

Answer 25

Catarrhal inflammation of the mucosal membrane

Question 26

What is the CENTOR score?

Answer 26

1 point for each, max score of 4 (1) Tonsiliar exudate (2) Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy/ lymphadenitis (3) History of fever - >38ºC (4) No cough

Question 27

What FeverPAIN score indicates a patient may benefit from antibiotics?

Answer 27

4-5

Question 28

What CENTOR score indicates a patient may benefit from antibiotics?

Answer 28

3-4

Question 29

When are antibiotics used for acute sore throats?

Answer 29

Typically self-limiting (1) If symptoms worsen after 7 days (2) Back-up prescriptions if no improvement in 3-5 days (3) If patient becomes very unwell

Question 30

What happens if a patient with acute sore throat is given a FeverPAIN score of 2 or 3?

Answer 30

(1) Consider no ABx (2) Back-up ABx prescription

Question 31

Other than potentially antibiotics, fluids, and pain management, what can a patient with an acute sore throat potentially benefit from?

Answer 31

Medicated lozenges in adults

Question 32

What causes oral ulceration?

Answer 32

Ulceration of the oral mucosa (1) Trauma (2) Infectoin (3) Carcinoma (4) Nutritional deficiencies (5) Gastro-intestinal disease (6) Haemopoietic disorders (7) Drug therapy

Question 33

What are some treatment options for oral ulceration?

Answer 33

(1) Benzydamine - NSAID oromucosal spray (2) Choline salicylate gel - e.g. Bonjela, not for <16yrs old (3) Topical anaesthetics -e.g. lidocaine (4) Topical hydrocortisone + betamethasone - inflammation

Question 34

What is thrush?

Answer 34

Fungal infection of the mouth Usually caused by Candida

Question 35

What commonly causes thrush?

Answer 35

(1) Inhaled corticosteroids (2) Broad-spectrum ABx (3) Compromised immune system

Question 36

What is the treatment for oral thrush?

Answer 36

(1) Nystatin oral suspension 1ml QDS (2) Miconazole gel (3) Fluconazole capsules/ IV if not recovering

Question 37

What is the treatment for severe invasive candidiasis?

Answer 37

Amphotericin

Question 38

How is a herpes simplex throat infection treated?

Answer 38

Local - Aciclovir 200mg 5times a day for 5 days Systemic - valaciclovir

Question 39

What is xerostomia?

Answer 39

Dry mouth

Question 40

What causes dry mouth?

Answer 40

Antimuscarinic/ diuretic drugs

Question 41

How is dry mouth treated?

Answer 41

Artificial saliva