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Christianity > Pluralism and Society > Flashcards

Pluralism and Society Flashcards

1
Q

What is the UK?

A

•A multi-faith society

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2
Q

What were the results of the 2011 Census?

A

•59% Christians
•5% Muslims
•4% Other religions (Hinduism, Judaism, etc.)
- This means religious diversity has increased
* Christianity has decreased since 2001 as then 71% of people said they were Christians

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3
Q

What is the main cause of religious diversity increasing?

A

•Migration
- Migration increased due to liberalism, globalisation, economic migration and political disruption

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4
Q

What is the monarch?

A

•Head of the Church
- The traditional title for the monarch was “Defender of Faith”

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5
Q

Why has Christianity decreased?

A

•Increase in religious diversity and secularisation

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6
Q

What is inter-faith dialogue?

A

•It is when discussions and meetings take place between representatives of different faiths in order to more fully understand each other’s religions

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7
Q

What are the 3 different approaches to inter-faith dialogue?

A
  1. Theological Exclusivism
  2. Theological Inclusivism
  3. Theological Pluralism
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8
Q

What are the 2 different types of Theological Exclusivists?

A
  1. Restrictive Access Exclusivists
  2. Universal Access Exclusivists
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9
Q

What do Restrictive Access Exclusivists believe?

A

• They believe that dialogue with others is a way to introduce them to the gospel with the hope of conversion to Christianity (fides ex auditu)
- This means they believe they need to introduce the gospel to everyone as they don’t know who the elect are or who they are not

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10
Q

What do Universal Access Exclusivists believe?

A

• They believe that other religions should be respected

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11
Q

Who supports Universal Access Exclusivists?

A

•Barth
- He argues that the word contains “lesser lights” that reflect the light of Christ, which could include other religions, and that God can reveal himself to whoever he wants, which includes people within other religions

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12
Q

How does the Catholic Church support Universal Access Exclusivists?

A

•Nostra Aetate
- This was the declaration that expressed respect for some aspects of other religions as they don’t reject anything “that is true and holy” and other religions, but also maintain that they were true and holy because they were reflections of the truth that comes from Christ

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13
Q

What do Theological Inclusivists believe?

A

• They want to avoid Christian Imperialism by ensuring that dialogues with other religions are open and genuine discussions
- However, this does not mean that they are accepting all aspects of other faiths

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14
Q

Who describes Theological Inclusivism as being “tolerant, humble and yet firm towards all non-Christian religions”?

A

•Rahner

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of Theological Inclusivism?

A
  1. Structural Inclusivists
  2. Restrictive Inclusivists
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16
Q

What do Structural Inclusivists believe?

A

• They focus on the structure of the religion as a whole because it can be salvific and they believe discussion will centre around the ways in which each religion can learn from the other to become more salvific

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17
Q

Who supports Structural Inclusivists?

A

•Ford
- This is because Scriptural Reasoning focuses on the 3 Abrahamic religions due to the belief in the same God and the scriptures having links which makes it easier for the religions to learn from each other

18
Q

What are 2 examples of
inter-faith dialogue?

A
  1. Dabru Emet = this was a call for Jews to start seeing Christianity in a new and more positive light as Christianity attempts to move away from its horrific treatment of Jews in the past
  2. A Common Word Between Us = a declaration published by Muslims to emphasise that both Muslims and Christians focus on love of God and love of neighbour which is the basis of peace
19
Q

What does Ford argue about Dabru Emet and A Common Word Between Us?

A

• He argues that these statements should be seen by Christians as an opportunity to re-examine their own Scriptures to find new and more positive ways of understanding the relationship between Christianity and other religions

20
Q

What do Restrictive Inclusivists believe?

A

• They believe that salvation comes from Christ as a result of personal faith and commitment, not from other religions, so they focus on individual dialogue, rather than on the religion as a whole
- This means inter-faith dialogue works more with local communities rather than with global communities

21
Q

What are the 3 types of Theological Pluralism?

A
  1. Unitary Pluralists
  2. Pluriform Pluralists
  3. Ethical Pluralists
22
Q

What do Unitary Pluralists believe?

A

• They believe that different religions are all aspects of the same undying religion so discussions should focus on finding this reality
- This means they are aiming to find a “global theology”

23
Q

Who supports Unitary Pluralists?

A

• Hick
- He believes that you have to educate people about the myths of each religion as the myths are not making ultimate claims about the truth

24
Q

What do Pluriform Pluralists believe?

A

• They believe inter-faith dialogue is based on the understanding that all religions contain some truth, but not the whole truth
- This means they accept differences between religions

25
Q

Who supports Pluriform Pluralists?

A

• Ward
- He believes that inter-faith dialogue should focus on genuine discussion of disagreements and that there should be an openness to the idea that your own beliefs may not be completely adequate

26
Q

What do Ethical Pluralists believe?

A

• They believe that inter-faith dialogue should focus on common ethical problems faced by all religions, such as promoting peace and liberation

27
Q

Who supports Ethical Pluralists?

A

• Knitter
- He argues that the purpose of inter-faith dialogue should be practical, rather than theological

28
Q

Who published Redemptoris Missio?

A

•The Catholic Church
- They argued that it was their duty to preach the gospel to other people in attempt to convert them to Christianity
- However, they attempted to maintain a respectful attitude by arguing that Christians should approach inter-faith dialogue with a desire to learn, not just to evangelise

29
Q

Who published Sharing the gospel of Salvation?

A

• The Church of England
- They argued that Jesus is a unique revelation of God, and only means of salvation and that they have to share the gospel with others, because it can be good for them too
- However, they have to be careful about language and must be sensitive in their approach

30
Q

What else did the Church of England publish?

A

•The Mystery of Salvation
- They argued that Christ is the only means of full salvation, but that “aspects of salvation are available in other ways”
- This means they can work together with other religions and learn from them, at the same time as sharing the gospel with the aim of conversion

31
Q

What is social cohesion?

A

• It is the willingness of members of a society to work together to make life better for each other and themselves

32
Q

4 ways inter-faith dialogue promotes social cohesion:

A
33
Q

One reason why inter-faith dialogue has not impact on social cohesion:

A
34
Q

Who argues that inter-faith dialogue can often be one off discussions that have little wider impact?

A

•Ford
- He argues that people should engage in longer-term initiatives such a scriptural reasoning in order to have a greater impact

35
Q

Who founded scriptural reasoning?

A

•Ford and Ochs

36
Q

What is scriptural reasoning?

A

• It is when people from the 3 Abrahamic faiths join together to discuss Scriptures
- They will choose a theme and then each representative will present their own views, which will be followed by questions and discussion

37
Q

What are the 3 guidelines for scriptural reasoning?

A
  1. Participants present their own views and don’t claim to represent the beliefs of everyone in their faith
  2. The discussion is a chance to learn and should not be used for missionary work
  3. There is a focus on hospitality (representatives take turns to host and welcome everyone)
38
Q

What are the 4 aims of scriptural reasoning?

A
  1. To engage with other religions and learn by studying each other’s Scriptures
  2. To take seriously the differences and similarities between the religions (this does not encourage common theology)
  3. To encourage participants to think more deeply about their own faith
  4. To develop “partnerships of difference” (this means participants will co-operate together in a spirit of collegiality and hospitality)
39
Q

What does Ford believe about “partnerships of difference”?

A

• He believes the partnerships can support all religions in the face of the growing challenges of the 21st century

40
Q

5 strengths of scriptural reasoning:

A
41
Q

4 weakness of scriptural reasoning:

A

Christianity (11 decks)

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