PLEURAL FLUID Flashcards
2 additional procedures of Pleural fluid
- pleural fluid cholesterol and fluid: serum cholesterol ratio
- pleural fluid: serum total bilirubin ratio.
A pleural fluid cholesterol ____ or a pleural fluid: serum cholesterol ratio ____ provides reliable information that the fluid is an EXUDATE
> 60 mg/dL
0.3
A fluid: serum total bilirubin ratio of ____ also indicates the presence of an EXUDATE
0.6 or more
Laboratory analysis for Pleural fluid includes
cell counts, Gram stains, and gross color examination.
Bloody Pleural fluid indicates
Hemothorax (traumatic injury)
Chronic membrane disease/ Hemorrhagic effusion
Pleural fluid Hct is >50% of WB Hct
Hemothorax (traumatic injury)
Pleural fluid Hct < WB Hct
Chronic membrane disease/ Hemorrhagic effusion
Milky Pleural fluid indicates
Chylous (thoracic duct leakage)
Pseudochylous (chronic inflammation)
high TG, (+) Sudan III
Chylous (thoracic duct leakage)
high cholesterol, (-) Sudan III
Pseudochylous (chronic inflammation)
% of Macrophages
64% to 80%
% of Lymphocytes
18% to 30%
% of Neutrophils
1% to 2%
Increased eosinophil levels (>10%) may be associated with _____ resulting in the presence of ____ (pneumothorax and hemothorax) in the pleural cavity
trauma
air or blood
T/F
They are also seen in allergic reactions and parasitic infections
TRUE
may be used for positive identification of tumor
cells
Special staining techniques and flow cytometry
The most common chemical tests performed on pleural fluid
glucose, pH, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and amylase
Microorganisms primarily associated with pleural effusions include
Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae,
anaerobes,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
used to differentiate effusions of immunologic origin from noninflammatory processes.
Serologic testing of pleural fluid
Detection of the tumor markers
_____ provide valuable diagnostic information in
effusions of malignant origin
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),
CA 125 (metastatic uterine cancer), CA 15.3 and
CA 549 (breast cancer),
CYFRA 21-1 (lung cancer)
