PLEURAL FLUID

Question 1

2 additional procedures of Pleural fluid

Answer 1

1. pleural fluid cholesterol and fluid: serum cholesterol ratio
2. pleural fluid: serum total bilirubin ratio.

Question 2

A pleural fluid cholesterol ____ or a pleural fluid: serum cholesterol ratio ____ provides reliable information that the fluid is an EXUDATE

Answer 2

> 60 mg/dL
0.3

Question 3

A fluid: serum total bilirubin ratio of ____ also indicates the presence of an EXUDATE

Answer 3

0.6 or more

Question 4

Laboratory analysis for Pleural fluid includes

Answer 4

cell counts, Gram stains, and gross color examination.

Question 5

Bloody Pleural fluid indicates

Answer 5

Hemothorax (traumatic injury)
Chronic membrane disease/ Hemorrhagic effusion

Question 6

Pleural fluid Hct is >50% of WB Hct

Answer 6

Hemothorax (traumatic injury)

Question 7

Pleural fluid Hct < WB Hct

Answer 7

Chronic membrane disease/ Hemorrhagic effusion

Question 8

Milky Pleural fluid indicates

Answer 8

Chylous (thoracic duct leakage)
Pseudochylous (chronic inflammation)

Question 9

high TG, (+) Sudan III

Answer 9

Chylous (thoracic duct leakage)

Question 10

high cholesterol, (-) Sudan III

Answer 10

Pseudochylous (chronic inflammation)

Question 11

% of Macrophages

Answer 11

64% to 80%

Question 12

% of Lymphocytes

Answer 12

18% to 30%

Question 13

% of Neutrophils

Answer 13

1% to 2%

Question 14

Increased eosinophil levels (>10%) may be associated with _____ resulting in the presence of ____ (pneumothorax and hemothorax) in the pleural cavity

Answer 14

trauma
air or blood

Question 15

T/F
They are also seen in allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

may be used for positive identification of tumor
cells

Answer 16

Special staining techniques and flow cytometry

Question 17

The most common chemical tests performed on pleural fluid

Answer 17

glucose, pH, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and amylase

Question 18

Microorganisms primarily associated with pleural effusions include

Answer 18

Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae,
anaerobes,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 19

used to differentiate effusions of immunologic origin from noninflammatory processes.

Answer 19

Serologic testing of pleural fluid

Question 20

Detection of the tumor markers
_____ provide valuable diagnostic information in
effusions of malignant origin

Answer 20

carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),
CA 125 (metastatic uterine cancer), CA 15.3 and
CA 549 (breast cancer),
CYFRA 21-1 (lung cancer)