ADDITIONAL TESTS

Question 1

Indicated when there is normal sperm concentration with markedly decreased motility

Answer 1

Sperm Vitality

Question 2

Stain used for Sperm vitality and using what type of microscope

Answer 2

Eosin-Nigrosin stain
bright-field or phase-contrast
microscope

Question 3

Living cells are not infiltrated by the dye and remain _____, whereas dead cells stain ____ background

Answer 3

bluish white
red against the purple

Question 4

Normal vitality requires ___ or more living cells and should correspond to the previously evaluated motility

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

Specimens can be screened for ____ using the ____ which produces an ____ color when fructose is present

Answer 5

fructose
resorcinol test
orange

Question 6

A normal quantitative level of fructose is

Answer 6

equal to or greater than 13 umol per ejaculate

Question 7

Fructose level can be determined using

Answer 7

spectrophotometric methods

Question 8

Specimens for fructose levels should be tested within ____ of collection or ___ to prevent _____

Answer 8

2 hours
frozen
fructolysis

Question 9

The presence of antibodies in a male subject can be suspected when clumps of sperm are observed during a routine semen analysis

Answer 9

Antisperm Antibodies

Question 10

Sperm-agglutinating antibodies cause sperm to stick to each other in a certain pattern:

Answer 10

• head- to-head
• head-to-tail
• tail-to-tail

Question 11

Grade for agglutination in microscopic examination

Answer 11

few, moderate, many

Question 12

T/F
The presence of anti sperm antibodies in female subjects results in a NORMAL SEMEN analysis accompanied by continued infertility.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

T/F
The presence of anti sperm antibodies in women may be demonstrated by MIXING the semen with the female cervical mucosa or serum and observing for agglutination

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Decreased motility w/ clumping:

Answer 14

(+) Male antisperm antibodies;
Blood testes barrier is disrupted;
Clumps of sperm

Question 15

Normal seminalysis w/continued infertility:

Answer 15

(+) Female antisperm antibodies

Question 16

Two frequently used tests to detect the presence of anti-body-coated sperm

Answer 16

Mixed Agglutination Reaction the test (MAR) and Immunobead the test.

Question 17

Detect IgG antibodies

Answer 17

Mixed Agglutination Reaction the test (MAR)

Question 18

Detect IgG, IgA, IgM

Answer 18

Immunobead the test

Question 19

Demonstrate the area of the sperm the autoantibodies are affecting

Answer 19

Immunobead the test

Question 20

Head-directed antibodies can interfere with

Answer 20

penetration into the cervical mucosa or ovum

Question 21

tail-directed antibodies affect

Answer 21

movement through the cervical mucosa

Question 22

Routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures and tests for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum are the most frequently performed

Answer 22

Microbial and Chemical testing

Question 23

To determine whether semen is actually present in a specimen (in cases of alleged rape) (5)

Answer 23

1. Microscopic exam for sperm cells
2. Enhance w/ xylene; Phase microscopy
   
   • Within 24 hrs. - motile sperm
   • 3 days - nonmotile sperm
   • 7 days - heads remain
3. Enzyme detection - prostatic acid
   phosphatase
4. Seminal glycoprotein p30: specific method
5. DNA analysis

Question 24

The only concern is the presence or absence of spermatozoa

Answer 24

Post vasectomy Semen Analysis