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Zoology > Platyhelminthes > Flashcards

Platyhelminthes Flashcards

1
Q

The mesodermal space is filled with muscle fibers and loose tissue called __, instead of a cavity

A

parenchyma

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2
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

possess a ciliated epidermis, which is an outer layer of cells covered with cilia (tiny hair-like structures)

A

Class Turbellaria

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3
Q

The mouth of free-living flatworms is typically located either at the

A

anterior end (front) or mid-body on the ventral surface (underside)

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4
Q

Free-living flatworms have a — , which means they can extend this muscular structure out of their body to capture food.

A

protrusible pharynx

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5
Q

What is the feeding behavior of Class Turbellaria

A

Carnivores: Some free-living flatworms actively prey on small invertebrates.

Scavengers: Others scavenge on dead animals and detritus (organic matter)

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6
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

free-living flatworms

A

Class Turbellaria

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7
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

ciliated epidermis

A

Class Turbellaria

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8
Q

Turbellarians are distinguished by

A
  • the presence or absence of gut
  • pattern of branching of the gut,
  • type of pharynx
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9
Q

observes “negative phototaxis”

A

dugesia sp.

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10
Q

trematoda also called

A

flukes

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11
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

Has a cuticle covering its body

A

Class Trematoda

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12
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

Presence of 2 oral suckers for attachments, located at
Anterior oral sucker
For attachment and feeding
Ventral sucker (posterior acetabulum)

A

Class Trematoda

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13
Q

What class of platyhelminthes

Lacka opisthaptor (attachment organ) of monogenean flukes

A

Class Trematoda

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14
Q

Liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

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15
Q

Bloodfluke

A

Schistosoma sp.

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16
Q

Human liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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17
Q

Lung fluke

A

Paragonimus spp.

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18
Q

Intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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19
Q

three species in schistomiasis

A

S. mansoni
S. haematobium
S. japonicum

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20
Q

Life cycle completed in two hosts
Water snail (intermediate host)
Humans (definitive host)

A

Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma

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21
Q

Life cycle completed in three hosts
Water snail and fish (intermediate host)
Humans (definitive hosts)

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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22
Q

life cycle of trematodes

A

Egg hatches into miracidium, which swims and enters the first intermediate host (snail).
Inside the snail, it turns into a sporocyst and then rediae, which give rise to cercariae.
The cercariae leave the snail and become metacercariae, waiting to infect the definitive host when they are eaten.

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23
Q

In trematodes life cycle, what is its form before entering the intermediate host?

A

miracidium

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24
Q

In trematodes life cycle, what is its form before leaving the intermediate host?

A

cercariae

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25
Q

In trematodes life cycle, what is its form before entering the definitive host?

A

metacercariae

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26
Q

Free-swimming larva
After hatching, it finds and penetrates the first intermediate host (IH), usually a snail.
Once inside, it discards its ciliated covering to begin the next stage

A

miracidium

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27
Q

Sac-like form inside the first iH

A

sporocysts

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28
Q

possess tail for swimming;
considered as juveniles

A

cercariae

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29
Q

Common in bile ducts of sheep and other ruminants causing liver rot

A

Fasciola hepatica

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30
Q

Swimmer’s itch

A

Schistosome Dermatitis

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31
Q

storage of sperm after cross fertilization with anotherfluke

A

seminal receptable

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32
Q

carries sperm from testes to vas deferens

A

vas efferens

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33
Q

transfers sperm from testes to seminal vesicle

A

vas deferens

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34
Q

Adult stage lives in bile ducts

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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35
Q

carries sperm posteriorly from testes to vesicles for storage

A

vas deferens

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36
Q

regulation of internal fluid content of planarians

A

protonephridia

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37
Q

schistosomiasis commonly known as

A

bilharzia or snail fever

38
Q

names and locations of three species of schistosomes

A

S. mansoni - large intestine
S. haematobium - urinary bladder
S. japonicum - small intestine

39
Q

cestoda also called

A

tapeworm

40
Q

beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

41
Q

pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

42
Q

dog tapeworm

A

Taenia pisiformis OR
Echinococcus granulosus

43
Q

fish tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

44
Q

describe tapeworms in respect from the preceding classes

A

cestodes, or tapeworms, have long, flat bodies composed of a scolex or proglottids

lack digestive system

45
Q

What class of Platyhelminthes is this?

Lack sensory organs except for modified cilia that are sensory endings on the tegument

A

Class Cestoda

46
Q

In class cestoda, these greatly enlarge the surface area of the tegument

A

Microtriches

47
Q

T/F: tapeworms can fertilize their own eggs.

A

trueeee

48
Q

largest of all human cestodes

A

D. latum

49
Q

What class of platyhelminthes is this?

adult body covered with synctial tegument w/o cilia

A

Monogenea

50
Q

What class of platyhelminthes is this?

External parasites of many fish, especially on gills, but a few are found in bladders of frogs and turtles

A

Monogenea

51
Q

What class of platyhelminthes is this?

Generally cause little harm or damage to host
A problematic pathogen in crowded fish farming

A

Monogenea

52
Q

Larval stage of Taenia saginata

A

oncosphere

53
Q

Differentiate between the digestive processes of free-living and parasitic flatworms.

A

Free-living flatworms typically have a complete digestive system with a mouth and pharynx for capturing food, while parasitic flatworms may have a more simplified or absent digestive system, absorbing nutrients directly from their host.

54
Q

How do the reproductive strategies differ between Monogenea, Trematoda, and Cestoda?

A

Monogenea: Mostly monoecious (hermaphroditic) and reproduce sexually.

Trematoda: Mostly monoecious, but some, like Schistosoma, are dioecious.

Cestoda: Primarily monoecious, producing both eggs and sperm within each proglottid.

55
Q

monogeans have specialized attachment organ called

A

ophistaphor

56
Q

Free-living, ciliated epidermis, simple or branching gut, carnivorous or scavenger.

A

turbellaria

57
Q

Parasitic, complex life cycles with multiple hosts, two suckers, hermaphroditic, cuticle.

A

trematoda

58
Q

Ectoparasitic, single host, opisthaptor for attachment, hermaphroditic.

A

monogea

59
Q

Endoparasitic, no digestive system, scolex for attachment, segmented proglottids, hermaphroditic, complex life cycle with multiple hosts.

A

cestoda

60
Q

in 3 classes of neodermata, what is the 2 features they share?

A
  • loss of rhabdites
  • syncytial tegument
61
Q

how does the adhesive organ in neodermata differ from each other?

A

trematoda: ANTERIOR adhesive organ

cestoda and monogea: POSTERIOR adhesive organ W/ HOOKS

62
Q

Secretions of the [1] apparently fasten microvilli of the anchor cells to the substrate, and secretions of the [2] provide a quick, chemical detaching mechanism.

A

viscid gland cells

releasing-gland cells

63
Q

The term syncytial means that –

A

many nuclei are enclosed within a single cell membrane

64
Q

The tegument’s shared presence among the parasites is the basis for uniting trematodes, monogeneans, and cestodes in clade [..]

A

Neodermata

65
Q

Theese 2 classes graze on host cells, feeding on cellular debris and body fluids. The mouth of THESE usually opens at or near the anterior end of their body into a muscular, nonextensible pharynx

Posteriorly, their esophagus opens into a blindly ending intestine, which is commonly Y-shaped but may be highly branched or unbranched, depending on the species.

A

trematodes and monogeneans

66
Q

Because [what class] have no digestive tract, they must depend on host digestion, and absorption is confined to small molecules from the host’s digestive tract.

A

cestodes

67
Q

[what class] usually have two excretory pores opening laterally, near the anterior.

A

Monogeneans

68
Q

In [what class] there are two main excretory canals on each side that are continuous through the entire length of the worm

A

cestodes

69
Q

what species: a marine polyclad turbellarian.

A

Pseudobiceros hancockanus

70
Q

[Turbellaria] Order Polycladida’s unique feature

A

intestine with many lateral branches

71
Q

[Turbellaria] Order Tricladida’s unique feature

A

three branched intestines

72
Q

3 features that all platyhelminthes share

A

lamellate rhabdites
endolecithal eggs
mehlis’s glands

73
Q

Multinucleated layer that replaced the original epidermis after larval development

A

syncytial tegument (neodermis)

74
Q

Mucus secreting structure that prevent leaking of water (prevent drying of worms) and aids in protection

A

Rhabdites

75
Q

Swell and form a protective mucous sheath around the body when discharged

A

Rhabdites

76
Q

Surface of the epidermis of free living has …

A

Dual-gland adhesive organs

77
Q

The mesodermal space is filled with muscle fibers and loose tissue called parenchyma, instead of a cavity

A

parenchyma cells

78
Q

functions of parenchyma cells

A
  • Structural support,
  • Nutrients storage and distribution
  • Contains totipotent stem cells
79
Q

In general, platyhelminth digestive systems include a […]

A

mouth, a pharynx, and an intestine (gastrovascular cavity)

80
Q

digestion of parasitic organisms

A

Trematodes and Monogeneans have blind sac

Cestodes have no digestive tract

81
Q

has hooks and suckers that allow the tapeworm to attach to the intestinal wall of the host.

A

scolex

82
Q

Each containing reproductive organs.

A

proglottids

83
Q

Responsible for osmoregulation and excretion of waste

A

protonephridia

84
Q

Cup-shaped
Cells within protonephridia which filters excess wate

A

flame cells

85
Q

The most primitive flatworm nervous system, found in some turbellarians
Resembles the nerve net of cnidarians

A

Subepidermal nerve plexus

86
Q

the nervous system of platyhelminthes have one to five pairs of

A

Longitudinal nerve cords

87
Q

Light sensitive eye structure that measures light intensity and helps in correcting orientation and navigation

A

ocelli

88
Q

Corrects balance (gravity)
Equilibrium

A

statocysts

89
Q

Responsible for sensing direction of water currents to find food and avoid predators

A

rheoreceptors

90
Q

reproduction of platyhelminthes

A

asexual - fission

sexual - copulation, fertilization, development

91
Q

are platyhelminthes monoecious or dioecious?

A

monoecious

Zoology (4 decks)

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