Fishes Flashcards
Gill arches of many teleosts are modified into powerful
pharyngeal jaws for chewing, grinding, and crushing
What class is this?
Tough, leathery skin covered with placoid scales
Elasmobranchii
what species: Slow swimming bc body shape generates too much frictional drag
eel
What class is this?
United by the presence of
- Endochondral bone (replaces cartilage developmentally)
- Lungs or swim bladder (derived from gut)
- Several cranial and dental characters
Osteichthyes
Tail is diphycercal with a small lobe between the upper and lower caudal lobes, producing a three-pronged structure
coelacanth
Gas may be removed from SB in two ways
Physostomous
Physoclistous
Sharks have large livers containing a lipid called […]
The liver acts like an oil sac that helps to compensate for a shark’s heavy body.
squalene
A sperm of a different species initiates egg development, but does not contribute genetic material
gynogenesis
What class is this?
Buccal pumping; with 5 to 7 gill slits in front of pectoral fins
Elasmobranchii
lungfish or coelacanth:
SB modified as 1 or 2 lungs
Lungfishes (dipnoi)
marine fishes: higher concentration of [..] in their blood than their environment
water
What class is this?
no swim bladder
Chondrichthyes
osmotic regulation in freshwater fishes
freshwater fish actively absorb NaCl across gills
to flush out excess water, the glomerular kidneys produce dilute urine by reabsorbing sodium chloride
freshwater: higher concentration of […] in their blood than their environment
salt
Swim bladders are fat-filled and not used for respiration
coelacanth
lungfish or coelacanth:
marine
coelacanth (actinistia)
What class is this?
Have a low-pressure circulatory system served by three accessory hearts in addition to the main heart positioned behind the gills.
Class Myxini
What class is this?
paired fins supported primarily by dermal rays
Actinopterygii
the only synchronous hermaphrodite known to self-fertilize
Mangrove jellyfish
males that can change into females
protandus
Synchronous hermaphrodites examples
parrotfish, salmon, sea bass, goby
What class is this?
Heavy dermal armor replaced by light, thin, flexible cycloid and ctenoid scales.
Actinopterygii
what species: Swept-back caudal fins shaped like a sickle
Such fin is the aquatic counterpart of the high-aspect wings of the fastest birds
Marlin, swordfish, amberjacks, and mackerel
Actinopterygii characteristics .. they have
Large eyes
Heterocercal caudal fins
Thick, interlocking scales with an outer layer of a form of enamel called ganoin
females that can change into males
protogenus
South American (Lepidosiren) respiration
lungs respiration
What class is this?
Asymmetrical heterocercal tail
Elasmobranchii
lungfish or coelacanth:
three-lobed caudal fin
coelacanth (actinistia)
African lungfishes (Protopterus) respiration
lungs respiration
What class is this?
Fusiform or spindle-shaped body
Elasmobranchii
What class is this?
nearly blind and hunts through barbels
Class Myxini
What class is this?
These fishes had
- Diphycercal
- Powerful jaws
- Heavy, enameled scales
- Strong, fleshy, paired lobed fins
Sarcopterygii
What class is this?
largest class of fishes
Osteichthyes
What class is this?
Secretes fluid that becomes slimy in contact with seawater
Class Myxini
lungfish or coelacanth:
freshwater
Lungfishes (dipnoi)
In teleost, there are modifications in dorsal fins such as [3]
Lure of anglerfishes
Venom-delivering spines of scorpionfishes
Suctorial disc of sharksuckers
Australian lungfishes (Neoceratodus) respiration
gill respiration
What class is this?
Bony fishes
Osteichthyes
What class is this?
Small fishes with
- Large eyes
- Heterocercal caudal fins
- Thick, interlocking scales with an outer layer of a form of enamel called ganoin
Actinopterygii
What class is this?
single gill opening covered by operculum
Actinopterygii
What class is this?
5 gill slits found on the anterior of each pectoral fin
Elasmobranchii
osmotic regulation in marine fishes
a marine fish must drink seawater to replace water lost osmotically to the salty environment
What class is this?
Can enter the prey’s (dead) body through the mouth
Class Myxini
Sarcopterygii characteristics .. they have
Diphycercal
Powerful jaws
Heavy, enameled scales
Strong, fleshy, paired lobed fins
