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Hematology > Platelet Production, Structure, and Function > Flashcards

Platelet Production, Structure, and Function Flashcards

1
Q

responsible for the commitment of megakaryoblast further in more mature states

A

thrombopoeitin

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2
Q

normal value of platelets

A

150 - 400 x 10^9 L

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3
Q

megakaryocute progenitors arise from common myeloid progenitor under the transcription gene product

A

GATA-1

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4
Q

GATA 1 is regulated by this cofactor

A

FOG1

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5
Q

megakaryocyte differentiation is suppressed by gene product

A

MYB

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6
Q

last precursor cell capable of mitosis

A

CFU-meg

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7
Q

form of mitosis that lacks telophase and cytokinesis

A

endomitosis

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8
Q

endomitosis is initiated by the suppresion of ____ by the ___

A

Rho/ROCK signaling pathway
RUNX1

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9
Q

transcription factor that influences DNA production up to 32 N to produce abundant cytoplasm

A

NF- E2

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10
Q

series of stages where the cells can be recognized by their unique morphology

A

terminal differentiation

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11
Q

megakaryoblast percent

A

20

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12
Q

megakaryoblast size

A

14-18 um

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13
Q

megakaryoblast nucleus shape

A

round

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14
Q

megakaryoblast chromatin

A

homogenous

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15
Q

megakaryoblast: N:C ratio

A

3:1

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16
Q

megakaryoblast endomitosis

A

present

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17
Q

megakaryoblast cytoplasm

A

basophilic

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18
Q

promegakaryocyte percent

A

25

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19
Q

promegakaryocyte size

A

15 to 40 un

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20
Q

promegakaryocyte nucleus

A

indented

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21
Q

promegakaryocyte chromatin

A

moderately condensed

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22
Q

promegakaryocyte N:C ratio

A

1:2

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23
Q

promegakaryocyte endomitosis

A

ends

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24
Q

promegakaryocyte cytoplasm

A

basophilic and granular

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25
Q

megakaryocyte percent

A

55

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26
Q

megakaryocyte size

A

30 to 50 um

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27
Q

megakaryocyte nucleus

A

multilobed

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28
Q

megakaryocyte chromatin

A

deeply and variablt condensed

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29
Q

megakaryocyte N:C ratio

A

1:4

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30
Q

megakaryocyte endomitosis

A

absent

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31
Q

megakaryocyte cytoplasm

A

azurophilic and granular

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32
Q

membrane lined channeles that grow inward, subdivide the entire cytoplasm and delineates individual platelets

A

demarcation membrane system

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33
Q

identifiable characteristic of MK II

A

indentation at the 4N stage

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34
Q

identification characteristic of MK I

A

plasma blebs

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35
Q

a single.megakaryocyte may shed how many platelets

A

2000 to 4000

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36
Q

average thrombopoeisis per day

A

10^8 megakaryocytes producing 10^11 platelets

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37
Q

MPL

A

BFU Meg to platelets

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38
Q

CD34

A

BFU meg to LD CFU Meg

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39
Q

CD41

A

CFU Meg to platelet

40
Q

CD42, PF4, VWF

A

terminal differentiation stages

41
Q

TPO

A

differentiation to
progenitors
megakaryocytes
late maturation

42
Q

IL 3

A

differentiation to progenitors and megakaryocytes

43
Q

IL 6

A

late maturation and thrombopoeisis

44
Q

IL 11

A

differentiation to megakaryocytes
late maturation
thrombopoeisis

45
Q

4 major regions of the platelet

A

plasma membrane
submembrane area
sol gel zone
organelle zone

46
Q

shape of platelets under homeostatic conditions

A

discoid

47
Q

platelet glycocalyx thickness

A

40-50 nm

48
Q

glycocalyx contains this glycoproteins

A

gp Ia Ib IIa IIb III IV V IX

49
Q

facilitate platelet adhesion to vWF

A

gp Ib/ IX

50
Q

facilitate platelet aggregation

A

gp IIb/ IIIa

51
Q

plasma membrane contains

A

sodium potassium ATPase pump
factor VIII
phosphatidylserine,inositol,choline

52
Q

functions of the submembrane area

A

regulate normal discoid shape
base for pseudopod formation
interact with contractile proteins to modulate adhesion and retraction

53
Q

2 components of the sol gels or cytoskeleton zone

A

microtubules
microfilaments

54
Q

direct contravtile response to stimulus

A

microtubules

55
Q

contractile force that brings organelles to center during activation

A

microfilaments

56
Q

two granules produced by platelets

A

alpha granules
dense granules

57
Q

components of dense granules

A

adenosine diphosphate and triphosphates
guanosine diphosphates and triphosphates
calcium
magnesium
serotonin

58
Q

alpha granules classification of content

A
  1. platelet specific proteins
  2. multimerin
  3. adhesive glycoproteins
  4. coagulation factors
  5. mitogenic factors
  6. fibrinolytic inhibitors
  7. membrane associated proteins
59
Q

binds endogenously released heparin to counteract inhibitory effect

A

PF4
beta thromboglobulin

60
Q

acts as a bridge between ADP stimulated platelets

A

fibrinogen

61
Q

bind to platelet surface and in turn provide base for binding of other coagulation factors

A

factor V

62
Q

stimulates smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation

A

platelet derived growth factor
endothelial cell growth factor

63
Q

platelet specific proteins

A

PF4
beta thromboglobulin

64
Q

large polymers of vWF

A

multimerin

65
Q

adhesive glycoproteins

A

fibrinogen
fibronectin
vitronectin
vWF

66
Q

coagulation factors

A

factor V
factor XI
protein S

67
Q

mitogenic factors

A

PDGF
ECGF
TGFB

68
Q

fibrinolytic inhibitors

A

alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor
plasminogen activator inhibitor

69
Q

membrane associated proteins

A

P selctin
GMP 33
24-kd GTP binding protein
gpIV
osteonectin

70
Q

4 coagulants secreted by platelets

A

high molecular weight kinin
fibrinogen
factor V
vWF

71
Q

4 aggregators secreted by platelets

A

ADP
calcium
PF4
thrombospondin

72
Q

promotes platelet aggregation

A

ADP and calcium

73
Q

promotes platelet aggregation and inhibits heparin

A

PF4
thrombospondin

74
Q

2 vasoconstrictors released by the platelet

A

serotonithromboxane A2

75
Q

vasoconstriction

A

serotonin

76
Q

vasoconstriction and platelet release reaction

A

thromboxane A2 precursor

77
Q

2 substances secreted for vascular repair

A

PDGF
beta thronboglobulin

78
Q

promotes smooth muscle growth

A

PDGF

79
Q

chemotactic factor for fibroblast and heparin inhibitor

A

beta thromboglobulin

80
Q

1 fibrinolytic substance secreted by platelet

A

plasminogen

81
Q

plasmin precursor

A

plasminogen

82
Q

4 inhibitors secreted by platelets

A

alpha 2 antiplasmin
protease nexin II
PIXI
C1 esterase inhibitor

83
Q

plasmin inhibitor, inhibits clot lysis

A

alpha 2 antiplasmin

84
Q

inhibits factor XIa thereby activating factor IX

A

protease nexin II and PIXI

85
Q

factors that affect platelet adhesion

A

extent and depth of vessel injury
type of collagen exposed
shear rate
increased level of other plasma proteins

86
Q

produced by endothelial lining and only causes platelet adhesion

A

type IV and V collagen

87
Q

produced by smooth kuscle cells and induce platelet adhesion, release reaction and aggregation

A

collagen type I and III

88
Q

if platelets are turbulent, they have a

A

high shear rate

89
Q

if platelet flow is laminar and unidirectional it has a

A

low shear rate

90
Q

examples of proteins that may be increased that may indice platelet aggregation

A

albumin and fibrinogen in artificial surfaces
protein M in rheumatic fever

91
Q

stimuli to platelet aggregation

A

ADP
thrombin
thromboxane A2
collagen
epinephrine

92
Q

independent mediators of platelet aggregation

A

ADP
thrombin
Thromboxane A2

93
Q

ADP causes

A

TXA2 release
platelet aggregation

94
Q

TXA2 release causes

A

vasoconstriction
platelet aggregation

95
Q

theombin release causes

A

ADP release
Thrombixane A2 synthesis

96
Q

explain TXA2 synthesis

A

bahala ka na

Hematology (8 decks)

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