Activity 3: Specimen Collection and Preparation of Samples Flashcards
needle gauge: orange
25
needle gauge: purple
24
needle gauge: blue
23
needle gauge: black
22
needle gauge: green
21
needle gauge: yellow
20
needle gauge: cream
19
needle gauge: pink
18
needle gauge: red-purple
17
needle gauge: white
16
Order of Draw for syringe and ETS
- blood culture
- sodium citrate tubes
- serum tubes
- heparin tubes
- EDTA tubes
- Glycolytic inhibitors
order of draw for capillary tubes
- blood gas
- slides
- EDTA
- heparin
- glycolytic iinhibitor
- serum
additive and use: yellow top
sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) for blood culture
acid citrate dextrose (ACD) for blood banking, HLA phenotyping, paternity tests
additive and use: light blue
3.2% sodium citrate or CTAD for coagulation determination
additive and use: black
3.8% sodium citrate for sedimentation rate
additive and use: gold
serum separator tube (SST) for routine chemistry and serology tests
additive and use: red glass
no additive for serology and chemistry
additive and use: red plastic
clot activator for routine serology and chemistry
additive and use: orange
thrombin-based clot activator for STAT serum chemistry determination
additive and use: light green
plasma separator tube with lithium heparin for plasma chemistry determinations
additive and use: green
sodium or lithium heparin for plasma chemistry
additive and use: lavender glass
liquid K2EDTA for hematology
additive and use: lavender plastic
spray K3EDTA for hematology
additive and use: pink plastic
spray K3 EDTA for bloodbanking, donor screening and crossmatching
additive and use: tan
K2 EDTA for lead determination
additive and use: white
K2EDTA with gel for PCR and DNA amplification
additive and use: gray
potassium ocalate and sodium fluoride for glucose determinations
interferences in coagulation testing
- prolinged tourniquet
- contamination with tissue thromboplastin
- contact with inappropriate specimen container
- improper temperature
- hemolysis (like thromboplastin)
mechanism of inhibition of sodium citrate
bind to ionized calcium
concentration of 3.2% Sodium citrate
0.109 M
concentration of 3.8% sodium citrate
0.129 M
increased hematocrit values or incomplete filling of the tube causes
increased clotting time
formula of volume to be added to 0.5 mL 0.109 M sodium citrate
60 / (100- hct) x 4.5
preferred anticoagulant for platelet counts
EDTA
EDTA mechanism of action
chelation or binding of calcium ions
optimal EDTA concentration
1.5 mg/ mL
can be used for platelet retention test
heparin
blood contact with glass surfaces affect what contact factors
Factors XI and XII (shortern intrinsic and extrinsic pathway, there fore use plastic, polystyrene or silicon coated)
factors that will deteriorate in room temperature
labile factors V and VIII
factors that are activated prematurely by the cold
factors VII and XI
preserves labile factors V and VIII and sensitive to heparin therapy monitoring
trisodium citrate
for people with normal hematocrits, ratio of blood to citrate is
9:1
EDTA cannot be used for coagulation studies due to 2 reasons
- inhibits fibrinogen-thrombin reaction
- unstable factor V
mechanism of action of heparin
acts with anti-thrombin III and inhibits reaction at all stages of coagulation
pH increase by loss of CO2 can cause
prolonged clotting times
for most coagulation tests, this specimen is required
platelet free plasma
plasma should be immediately tested or if not
stored at refrigerator temperature for not more than 2 hrs
samples should not be _____ if testing can be done within ____
frozen, 2 hrs
ice particles form with slow freezing which will
denature clotting proteins
if freezing is necessary, it should be done ____
rapidly at -20° C
stable at 4 hours and survives repeated freezing and thawing
fibrinogen
