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Haemostasis & Thrombosis > Platelet Activation > Flashcards

Platelet Activation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main platelet receptor?

A

GPIb/V/IX protein complex

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2
Q

What does GPIb/V/IX need to bind to collagen?

A

VWF

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3
Q

What are the 5 molecules that make up the GPIb/V/IX complex?

A

GPIX
Two GPIb beta
GPIb alpha
GPV

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3
Q

Which molecule binds to VWF?

A

GPIb alpha

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4
Q

What are the 3 main signaling molecules that the GPIb/V/IX complex binds to?

A

Calmodulin, 14-3-3 and P85

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5
Q

How does the GPIb/V/IX bind to actin on the cytoskeleton?

A

Via filamin

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6
Q

How do platelets bind directly to collagen after initial attachement?

A

via glycoprotein VI (tyrosine kinase signaling)
intergrin alpha 2 beta 1 receptors

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7
Q

What is ITAM on GPVI?

A

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif

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8
Q

What is the function of ITAM on GPVI?

A

Its phosphorylation leads to Src tyrosine kinase recruitment & PLCy2 activation

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9
Q

What is thrombin?

A

A serine protease involved in fibrin formation & platelet activation

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10
Q

How does thrombin activate platelets?

A

Cleaves the N terminus off specific G protein coupled receptors unmasking a ligand which binds PAR receptors -> Gq & G12/13 signalling

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11
Q

What are the 2 protease activated receptors?

A

PAR1
PAR4

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12
Q

What does Gq signalling cause?

A

Activation of PLC beta which increases Ca2+ levels

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13
Q

What does G13 signalling lead to?

A

activates RhoA which activates the actin/myosin interaction

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14
Q

What is ADP released from/

A

Platelet dense granules

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15
Q

What 3 receptors does ADP bind to in an autocrine fashion?

A

2 GPCRs & 1 ion channel

16
Q

What is the main ADP receptor?

A

P2Y12 (GPCR coupled to Gi)

17
Q

What does the activation of P2Y12 lead to?

A

Inhibits adenylate cyclase -> loss of platelet inhibition -> activates PI3-kinase -> activates platelets

18
Q

What ADP receptor induces Ca2+ signals?

A

P2Y1

18
Q

Which ADP receptor is a Ca2+ channel?

A

P2X1

19
Q

What is the secondary platelet activator?

A

Thromboxane A2

20
Q

What is the role of RAP1?

A

Activates intergrin alphaIIb beta 3 that binds fibrinogen & mediates aggregation

21
Q

What is the role of Rho?

A

switches that control cell shape through regulation of actin cytoskeleton

22
Q

What are G-proteins activated by?

A

GTP

23
Q

What drug blocks TXA2 synthesis?

A

Aspirin (inhibits COX-1 pathway)

24
Q

What drug blocks the P2Y12 receptor?

A

Clopidogrel (ADP not released)

25
Q

What drug is an antibody againts intergrin alpha IIIb beta 3?

A

abciximab

26
Q
A

Haemostasis & Thrombosis (17 decks)

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