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Haemostasis & Thrombosis > Disorders of veins > Flashcards

Disorders of veins Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 veins where venous thrombosis are found?

A

Retinal vein
Pulmonary embolism
DVT
Cerebral vein

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2
Q

What is postthrombotic syndrome a consequence of?

A

venous hypertension due to persistent venous obstruction & dysfunction of venous valves

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3
Q

What are 4 acquired risk factors?

A

Age
History of venous thrombosis
trauma
Obesity

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4
Q

What are 4 genetic risk factors?

A

AT deficiency
FV Leiden
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency

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5
Q

What is Chronic ThromboEmbolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTPH) characterized by?

A

Increased mean pulmonary artery pressures, persistence of thrombi & vascular remodeling in pulmonary circulation

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6
Q

What are 2 unspecific symptoms of PE?

A

Chest pain when breathing (pleuritic pain)
Shortness of breath (dyspnoe)

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7
Q

What does ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy assess?

A

Pulmonary embolism

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8
Q

What do D-dimers show?

A

More thrombosis = more fibrinolysis

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9
Q

What does computed tomography show?

A

PE

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10
Q

What 3 ways is VTE treated?

A

Low-molecular-weight Heparin
Vit K antagonists
Anticoagulants

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11
Q

When can catheter-directed thrombolysis be used?

A

Selected DVT

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12
Q

What do compression stockings do?

A

Improve leg blood flow

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13
Q

What does heparin facilitate?

A

Interaction of thrombin & FXa with AT

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14
Q

What are 2 types of heparin?

A

Unfractionated
Low molecular weight

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15
Q

Which heparin is better and why?

A

Low molecular weight has it is more powerful and is specific for Xa
Lowere HIT risk

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16
Q

What is the minimal sequence required for AT binding & Xa inhibition?

A

short pentasaccharaide

17
Q

When is IIa/Xa not inhibited?

A

Attched or inside clots

18
Q

What is the MoA of vit K antagonists?

A

Block synthesis of II, VII, IX, X, PC, PS

19
Q

What triad did Virchow use to describe clot propagation?

A
  1. blood clotting
  2. irritation to the vessel
  3. interruption of blood stream
20
Q

What is the triad now described as?

A
  1. composition of blood
  2. structural & functional integrity of vessel wall
  3. blood flow
21
Q

What site is there a lot of venous thrombosis?

A

Venous valve

22
Q

What does hypoxia cause?

A

Inactivation of hemostatic system -> TF expressed

23
Q

What does deletion of CLEC2 cause?

A

Blocks thrombus formation in a mouse model of venous thrombosis

24
Q

What ligand becomes upregulated in CLEC2 deletion?

A

Podoplanin

25
Q

Where is podoplanin expressed?

A

Subendothelial cell types

26
Q

When is podoplaninover expressed?

A

venous thrombosis

27
Q
A

Haemostasis & Thrombosis (17 decks)

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