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Haemostasis & Thrombosis > Crosstalk > Flashcards

Crosstalk Flashcards

1
Q

Which two lipids on the plasma membranes that are -vely charged?

A

PS & PE

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2
Q

What happens to PS and PE in activated platelets?

A

Flip to face outwards towards ECF

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3
Q

What are 2 activators for platelets?

A

Thrombin
Collagen

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4
Q

What is Scott Syndrome?

A

Bleeding episodes but normal platelet counts, aggregation & clotting factors

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5
Q

What causes Scott Syndrome?

A

Altered phospholipid composition of outer plasma membrane after platelet activations (lack of PS & PE)

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6
Q

Where do Scott Syndrome patients have mutations?

A

TMEM16F

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7
Q

What is TMEM16F?

A

Membrane channel protein for chloride ions & lipid scramblase

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8
Q

What is TMMEM16F triggered by?

A

Strong platelet activation (thrombin & collagen)

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9
Q

What is lipid scramblase?

A

Allows lipid to move from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other

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10
Q

What are the 3 platelet granules?

A

Lysosomes
Dense granules
Alpha granules

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11
Q

What 5 things do alpha granules release?

A

Coagulation factors
Chemokines
Regulators of growth & angiogenesis
Immunologic molecules
Adhesion molecules

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12
Q

What is PF4?

A

Platelet specific CXC chemokine

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13
Q

Where is PF4 contained?

A

Alpha granules

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14
Q

What does PF4 form a homo-tetramer with?

A

Band of +vely charged aas on its surface

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15
Q

What does PF4 bind to?

A

-vely charged molecules eg heparin, glycosaminoglycans, Gla-domain on PC

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16
Q

What can PF4 stimulate?

A

APC formation (clot inhibition)
Clot formation but only in a narrow range

17
Q

What can heparin treatment induce?

A

heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

18
Q

What does HIT cause?

A

Antibody development against complexes of PF4 & heparin

19
Q

What do HIT antibodies cause?

A

Platelet & EC activation & enhanced thrombus formation
destruction of platelets resulting in low platelet numbers

20
Q

What happens when platelets and neutrophils interact?

A

trigger TF expression

21
Q

What is the role of ADAMTS13?

A

Cleaves A2 domain of VWF in fluid shear stress

22
Q

What happens in a loss of ADAMTS13?

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Too long vWF

23
Q

How is TTP treated?

A

Plasma exchange (PEX) -> removal of autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 & replaces ADAMTS13

24
Q

What do patients with hereditary TTP have a high risk of?

A

TIA & stroke at a young age

Haemostasis & Thrombosis (17 decks)

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