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A-Level Geog Hazards > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

How long ago did the Earth form?

A

4.6 billion years ago

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2
Q

How did the Earth form?

A

Collisions between clouds of dust and gas. Meteorite collisions, radioactive decay and planetary compression caused temperatures to increase to 2000°C - the melting point of iron. As the planet began to cool, heavier metallic materials sunk and lighter rocky materials rose

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3
Q

What depth is the crust?

A

0-100km

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4
Q

What depth is the mantle?

A

100-2900km

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5
Q

What depth is the outer core?

A

2900-5100km

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6
Q

What depth is the inner core?

A

5100-6378km

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7
Q

What is the inner core?

A

Radius 1200km. Temps exceed 6000°C. Composed of iron and nickel. Solid

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8
Q

What is the outer core?

A

Liquid, melted iron and nickel. Radius 2200km. Temps 4000-5000°C. Moves around inner core to create Earth’s magnetic field

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9
Q

What is the mantle?

A

84% of Earth’s volume. Made of silicates and oxides. 3000°C. Asthenosphere in the 100-700km deep in the mantle which is where the convection currents occur

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10
Q

What is the crust?

A

Oceanic or continental. Oceanic is typically basalt at approx. 6km thick. Continental at 35km typically granite

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11
Q

What rate do the tectonic plates move per year?

A

0-100mm per year

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12
Q

What is ridge push?

A

May also be called gravitational sliding.
Seen at mid ocean ridges. Gravity causes new denser rock to slide sown a slope and drive plate movement

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13
Q

What is slab pull?

A

Subducting plate pulls the rest of the oceanic (usually) plate to move with it

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of plate margin?

A

Constructive, collisions, destructive, and conservative

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15
Q

What is the Mid Atlantic ridge?

A

Where the North American and Eruasian plates are moving away from each other and rises to between 2-3km above the ocean floor

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16
Q

What is a rift valley?

A

Continental crust stretches and thins. The moving away of plates on land

17
Q

What is a collisional boundary?

A

Converging of two continental plates. Neither plate subducts, so the curst “crumples” to form mountains. E.g. himalayas

18
Q

What is a destructive plate boundary?

A

Convergence of two plates. Either O-O or O-C. The denser oceanic crust subducts and results in land being destroyed.

19
Q

What is a constructive plate boundary?

A

Divergence of plates. Results in the creation of new land. E.g. mid Atlantic ridge

20
Q

What is a conservative boundary?

A

Plates move past each other either in opposite or the same directions. E.g. San andreas

A-Level Geog Hazards (12 decks)

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