Concept Of Hazards

Question 1

What is meant by socio-economic disruption?

Answer 1

Disruption to social or economic aspects of society

Question 2

What is meant by environmental degradation?

Answer 2

The deterioration of the natural environment

Question 3

What is meant by an effusive eruption?

Answer 3

An eruption where lava flows on the ground rather than being expelled in an explosive manner

Question 4

What is meant by a basaltic eruption?

Answer 4

A gentle (effusive) eruption, which is characterised by fluid lava and is relatively predictable

Question 5

What is meant by a stratovolvano?

Answer 5

A steep sided volcano made up of alternating layers of ash and lava (a.k.a composite volcano)

Question 6

What is a hazard?

Answer 6

More than 10 killed
More than 100 affected
Declared state of emergency
Request for international assistance

Question 7

What are the 4 categories of natural hazard?

Answer 7

Tectonic, geomorphological, atmospherical, biological

Question 8

What is hazard perception?

Answer 8

The way in which someone understands or interprets a hazard

Question 9

What are the three approaches to hazard perception?

Answer 9

Acceptance - “acts of god”
Domination - Hazards better understood with science. Predicatable
Adaption - hazards are acts of human and nature. Can be estimated by previous hazards

Question 10

What is meant by prevention?

Answer 10

The action of stopping something from happening

Question 11

What is meant by prediction?

Answer 11

Suggesting what might happen in the future

Question 12

How is fracking monitored in the UK?

Answer 12

Traffic-light system
Green - injection proceeds as planned
Amber - injection proceeded with caution, possibly at reduced rates. Monitoring is intensified
Red - injection is suspended immediately

Question 13

What is the purpose of the Park model to hazards?

Answer 13

Model of human responses.
Shows the changing quality of life through different phases of a disaster

Question 14

What is stage 1 of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 14

Occurs before the hazard occurs. Where quality of life is normal. Education and preparation for the event

Question 15

What is stage 2 of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 15

Occurs simultaneously with the hazard. Quality of life drastically drops as people respond with protection such as evacuation. Hazard relief efforts

Question 16

What is stage 3 of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 16

Happens within hours or days. Search, care and rescue teams. Eventually reverse the declining quality of life

Question 17

What is stage 4 of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 17

Happens within days or weeks.
Rehabilitation phase. Attempt to return to original quality of life

Question 18

What is stage 5 of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 18

Happens within weeks or even years. Reconstruction. Properties and infrastructure are rebuilt. People learn from mistakes and improve quality of life

Question 19

What is a limitation of the Park Response model?

Answer 19

It is generalised and does not account for differences in development

Question 20

What is the hazard management cycle?

Answer 20

A cycle showing phases of response, recovery, mitigation, and preparedness in the management of a hazard

Question 21

What is involved in the preparedness section of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 21

Planning how to respond. Includes emergency exercise and training and putting warning systems in place

Question 22

What is involved in the preparedness section of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 22

Planning how to respond. Includes emergency exercise and training and putting warning systems in place

Question 23

What is involved in the response section of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 23

Efforts to minimise the hazards created by the disaster. E.g. search and rescue, and emergency relief

Question 24

What is involved in the response section of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 24

Efforts to minimise the hazards created by the disaster. E.g. search and rescue, and emergency relief

Question 25

What is involved in the recovery section of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 25

Returning the community to normal. For example, providing temporary housing and medical care

Question 26

What is involved in the recovery section of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 26

Returning the community to normal. For example, providing temporary housing and medical care

Question 27

What is involved in the mitigation section of the Hazard Management Cycle?

Answer 27

Minimising the effects or the disaster. For example, building codes and public education