Concept Of Hazards Flashcards
What is meant by socio-economic disruption?
Disruption to social or economic aspects of society
What is meant by environmental degradation?
The deterioration of the natural environment
What is meant by an effusive eruption?
An eruption where lava flows on the ground rather than being expelled in an explosive manner
What is meant by a basaltic eruption?
A gentle (effusive) eruption, which is characterised by fluid lava and is relatively predictable
What is meant by a stratovolvano?
A steep sided volcano made up of alternating layers of ash and lava (a.k.a composite volcano)
What is a hazard?
More than 10 killed
More than 100 affected
Declared state of emergency
Request for international assistance
What are the 4 categories of natural hazard?
Tectonic, geomorphological, atmospherical, biological
What is hazard perception?
The way in which someone understands or interprets a hazard
What are the three approaches to hazard perception?
Acceptance - “acts of god”
Domination - Hazards better understood with science. Predicatable
Adaption - hazards are acts of human and nature. Can be estimated by previous hazards
What is meant by prevention?
The action of stopping something from happening
What is meant by prediction?
Suggesting what might happen in the future
How is fracking monitored in the UK?
Traffic-light system
Green - injection proceeds as planned
Amber - injection proceeded with caution, possibly at reduced rates. Monitoring is intensified
Red - injection is suspended immediately
What is the purpose of the Park model to hazards?
Model of human responses.
Shows the changing quality of life through different phases of a disaster
What is stage 1 of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Occurs before the hazard occurs. Where quality of life is normal. Education and preparation for the event
What is stage 2 of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Occurs simultaneously with the hazard. Quality of life drastically drops as people respond with protection such as evacuation. Hazard relief efforts
What is stage 3 of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Happens within hours or days. Search, care and rescue teams. Eventually reverse the declining quality of life
What is stage 4 of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Happens within days or weeks.
Rehabilitation phase. Attempt to return to original quality of life
What is stage 5 of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Happens within weeks or even years. Reconstruction. Properties and infrastructure are rebuilt. People learn from mistakes and improve quality of life
What is a limitation of the Park Response model?
It is generalised and does not account for differences in development
What is the hazard management cycle?
A cycle showing phases of response, recovery, mitigation, and preparedness in the management of a hazard
What is involved in the preparedness section of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Planning how to respond. Includes emergency exercise and training and putting warning systems in place
What is involved in the preparedness section of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Planning how to respond. Includes emergency exercise and training and putting warning systems in place
What is involved in the response section of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Efforts to minimise the hazards created by the disaster. E.g. search and rescue, and emergency relief
What is involved in the response section of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Efforts to minimise the hazards created by the disaster. E.g. search and rescue, and emergency relief
