Plasticity, Memory and Transmission: Week 4 Flashcards
synapse
connection between 2 neurons
3 types of synapses
axo-dendritic synapse
axo-somatic synapse
axo-axonic synapse
what is the most common type of synapse
axo-dendritic synapse
axo-dendritic synapse
pre synpactic axon to post synaptic dendrite
axo-somatic synapse
pre synaptic axon to post synaptic some
axo-axonic synapse
pre synaptic axon to post synaptic axon; can influence/ regulate release of post synaptic cell transmitters
synaptic clef
small space between pre and post synaptic neuron
how small is the synaptic clef
20 nm wide
synaptic vesicle function
contain neurotransmitters and release when action potential fired
3 types of neurotransmitters
amino acids, amines, peptides
amino acid neurotransmitters
Glutamate (excitatory), GABA (inhibitory), Glycine
amine neurotransmitters
norephedrine, acetylcholine, dompaine, serotonin, etc.; modulate amino acid transmitters
peptide neurotransmitters
Enkephalins (Enk) and Substance P; combination of amino acids
how many different types of neurotrasmotters does a neuron contain
1 type of either amino acid or amine neurotransmitters and neuropeptides
formation of peptide neurotransmitter mechanism
-rough ER: synthesis precursor peptide
-golgi: form active neurotransmitter peptide
-secretory granules ready to release neurotransmitters
neurotransmitter release mechanism
1)synaptic vesicle docked at presynaptic active zone
2)action potential -> increase Ca2+ in pre synaptic cell
3)Ca2+ increase depolarize cell and signals neurotransmitter release
4) synaptic vesicles are recycled
synaptotagmin 1 function
Ca2+ ion sensor that leads to triggering neurotransmitter release
SNARE protien complex function
aids in docking and fusing vesicle to membrane
how does Ca2+ influence neural processes
Ca triggers vesicle fusion with cell membrane -> neurotransmitters released
what are the 2 classes of post synaptic receptors
ligand gated ion channels and G protein couples receptors
ligand gated ion channels mechanism
neurotransmitter binds, structural change, channel opens, ion flow with conc gradient
what is another name for ligand gated ion channel
ionotropic receptor
G-protien coupled receptor pathway
neurotransmitter binds, g protein activated, g protein subunits or intracellular messanges communicate with ion channel, ion channel opens, ion flow across membrane
what is another name for g-protien coupled receptor
metabotropic receptor