Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

behavioral neuroscience > Cognitive Control > Flashcards

Cognitive Control Flashcards

1
Q

task set

A

configuration of cognitive processes necessary to perform task; preparation for upcoming task operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how long is a task set maintained

A

actively maintained throughout duration of task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what information is maintained in task set

A

perceptual, attentional, mnemonic, and motor information about task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

set shifting

A

selecting between 2 competing task sets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 types of set shifting paradigms

A

task cueing paradigm
intermittent cueing paradigm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

task cueing paradigm

A

a cue is given, set shift, a different cue is given

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

intermittent cueing paradigm

A

one target is given, switch without subject knowing, subject adapts to other target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 stages of set shifting

A

instruction (introduction of relevant task), memory items, memory probe (recall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 types if relevant tasks

A

spatial forward, spatial backward, verbal forward, verbal backward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what brain areas respond to spatial tasks

A

dorsolateral PFC and parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what brain areas respond to verbal tasks

A

ventrolateral PFC and temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what brain area responds to both spatial and verbal tasks

A

anterior PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

domain indepdent

A

responds to both spatial and verbal tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why does anterior PFC respond to both spatial and verbal tasks

A

to correlate with the ventral and dorsal lateral PFC and direct relevant information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when do anterior PFC and dorsolateral PFC interact

A

spatial tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when do anterior PFC and ventralateral PFC interact

A

verbal tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

framework to look at perceptual decision making

A

signal detection theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

decision

A

commitment to a plan of action based on information relevant to possible outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

signal detection theory

A

accumulate sensory evidence, transform into decision variable in decision stage, and apply decision rule, influence behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

decision rule

A

threshold level/ criteria which determines a choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

decision variable

A

likelihood of observing the current sensory value given a particular state of the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

decision variable equation: right vs left preferring group

A

DV = (activity of right preferring group) - (activity of left preferring group)

D> 0 moving right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

2 types of inhibition/ inhibitory control

A

cognitive and behavioral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

behavioral inhibition

A

cancelation of planned or early staged action (***overriding motor responses, delayed gratification, reversal learning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
cognitive inhibition
overriding mental processes wholly or partially (*** blocking memories, thoughts, perception, and emotions)
26
impulse
inhibition fails and you acton impulsion
27
impulse disorders
ADHD, drug addiction, schizophrenia
28
compulsion
continue to act on impulses even with negative result
29
compulsion disorders
OCD, drug addiction
30
stop-signal paradigm
tool for researchers to investigate how quickly and effectively people can stop a planned or ongoing action
31
stop signal reaction time
time taken after stop signal to inhibit behavioral response
32
what area of the brain is important/ localized for stop signal inhibition
right inferior frontal cortex
33
what pathway can be activated to stop unwanted motor/behavioral acitivty
hyperdirect pathway in basal ganglia; activate subthalamic nucleus inhibits thalamus
34
general intelligence
general ability common to many cognitive tasks
35
2 factors of general intelligence
crystalized and fluid intelligence
36
crystallised intelligence
acquired knowledge about nature of the world and learned operations
37
factors of crystallised intelligence
- depends on culture - little to no age related decline
38
fluid intelligence
ability to solve novel problems independent of crystalized intelligence/ acquired knowledge ***reasoning ability, intellectual speed, working memory, memory span, making inferences
39
what parts of the brain are important for fluid intelligence
frontal and posterior parietal lobes
40
what part of the brain is not important for fluid intelligence (but rather crystalized intelligence/ semantic memory)
temporal lobe
41
Cognitive control
ability to flexibly adapt behavior according to current goals and context
42
what is a synonym for cognitive ontrol
executive functions
43
what does cognitive control require
effort and concentration
44
what part of the brain is crucial for cognitive control
prefrontal cortex
45
3 core executive functions for cognitive control
inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility
46
inhibitory control
response inhibition, resisting impulses, selective attention (selective for behaviorally relevant info)
47
working memory
holding information in mind when not perceptually present; able to be manipulated
48
cognitive flexability
set shifting/ thinking outside of the box
49
higher order executive functioning
reasoning, problem solving, and planning
50
hierarchy organization of pfc
complex -> less complex: anterior to posterior
51
anterior pfc processing
abstract processing (overarching goals)
52
posterior pfc processing
concrete goa processing (goals linked to actions)
53
dorsal lateral pfc processing
where/how processing
54
ventral lateral pfc processing
what processing
55
medial pfc processing
hot (value/emotion) processing
56
lateral pfc processing
cold (cognitive/logic) processing
57
pfc role in executive functions (4)
*integrates and synthesizes information from diverse sources *guides information flow throughout the brain/ select action plans *top down control of sensory systems *amplify behaviorally relevant processes/ info/ memories
58
working memory
temporary storage of information - limited capacity -susceptible to interference/ manipulation -consciously aware of store info
59
short term memory
temporary information storage WITHOUT manipulation (part of working memory)
60
long term memory
stable information storage over long intervals -large storage capacity
61
2 different types of working memory
phonological and visuo-spatial working memory
62
phonological working memory
holds recently heard or internally generates/ thought auditory information
63
how long does phonological working memory hold info
for 2 seconds or while rehearsed
64
2 parts of phonological working memory
speech storage and subvocal articulatory rehearsal process
65
phonological working memory functions
facilitate language acquisition and control behavior through self instruction
66
visuo-spatial working memory
holds limited amount of visual information while you attend to it (surpassing eye movements, blinks and other visual inputs)
67
visuo-spatial working memory functions
maintain continuity across eye movements and creates/maintains images when imagining/ describing object
68
multi component model of working memory
control system (pfc): central executive storage systems: visual spatial sketchpad and phonological loop
69
storage system for visuo-spatial working memory
visuospatial sketchpad
70
storage system for auditory verbal working memory
phonological loop
71
pfc role: visuospatial sketchpad
top down influence over representation in visual cortex
72
posterior parietal cortex: visuospatial sketchpad
represent visuospatial working memory
73
visual cortex and inferior temporal cortex: visuospatial sketchpad
supports role of visual areas in working memory
74
what brain areas support phonological memory
lateral prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction *Broca's and Wernicke's area
75
what hemisphere of brain dominates phonological memory/ language processing
left hemisphere
76
delayed response task
cue, delay (working memory maintains visual/ cue), and response
77
how does brain generate sustained response during working memory
feedback connections/loop and recurrent neural networks
78
feedback connections
allows neural activity to flow in a loop
79
recurrent neural networks
any network with neurons that send feedback signals ot one another
80
sustained neural activity loop mechanism
sensory input -> hidden layer (2 neurons in loop) -. output
81
what part of the thalamus is involved in delay period of working memory
mediodorsal thalamus
82
how does pfc cells respond during delay period
different ofc cells can respond at different times during delay period to prolong working memory
83
what does pfc and mediodorsal thalamus loop do
hold memories in working memory during the delay stage
84
rules
context dependent mappings of cues to actions
85
2 types of cues
exogenous (outside) and endogenous (inside)
86
why are rules useful
allow us to quickly and intelligently adjust to particular seniors and guide our everyday actions
87
what disorder stems from deficits in rule processing
Schizophrenia
88
lesions where in the brain cause deficits to rule processing
pfc
89
what neurons encode abstract rules
neurons in anterior pfc
90
what neurons encode concrete rules
posterior pfc
91
what can neurons in prefrontal cortex represent
rules

behavioral neuroscience (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions