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AP Bio 202 > Plasma Membranes > Flashcards

Plasma Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

What purpose does the plasma membrane serve?

A

The plasma membrane serves to protect the living cell from its surroundings.

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2
Q

What property of the plasma membrane allows it to take in nutrients and eject waste?

A

Selective Permeability allows the plasma membrane to decide what goes in and decide what goes out.

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3
Q

What is the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids are the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane.

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4
Q

What does amphipathic mean in the context of phospholipids?

A

Amphipathic that it has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.

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5
Q

What does a Phospholipid bilayer look like?

A

000000000
⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾
⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾⸾
000000000

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6
Q

What does the fluid mosaic model say?

A

The fluid mosaic model says that the membrane is fluid and that it has non-randomly placed proteins embedded in it.

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7
Q

Are phosopholipids mobile or immobile?

A

Phospholipids, according to the fluid mosaic model, drift laterally through the bilayer

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8
Q

Think of a fluid comparable to membranes.

A

Membranes are usually as fluid as salad oil.

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9
Q

What factors into the fluidity of a membrane?

A

Factors such as the saturation of the fat in the plasma membrane affect the fluidity of the membrane.

Unsaturated tails prevent packing. Saturated tails pack together.

Remember, unsaturated fats are kinky.

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10
Q

Are membranes made of one or multiple things?

A

A membrane is a collage of different proteins.

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11
Q

What determines a membrane’s specific functions?

A

Proteins determine most of a membrane’s specific functions.

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12
Q

What is the difference between Peripheral and Integral proteins?

A

Peripheral proteins are on the side. Integral proteins penetrate the hydrophobic core…

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13
Q

What are the six major functinos of membrane proteins?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Enzymatic activity
  3. Signal Transformation (into another form)
  4. Cell-Cell recognition
  5. Intercellular joining
  6. Attachment to the cytoskeleton and ECM
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14
Q

How do cells recognize each other?

A

Cells recognize each other by binding to molecules on the on the plasma membrane.

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15
Q

Are there differences in the inside and outside of plasma membranes?

A

Yes.

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16
Q

When is the sidedness of the plasma membrane determined?

A

When the membrane is built by the ER and Golgi complex

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17
Q

What is selective permeability?

A

Selective Permeability refers the plasma membrane’s ability to select what it wants to let in and keep out what it wants to keep out.

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18
Q

What proteins allow the passage of hydrophilic substances through the membrane into the cell?

A

Transport proteins allow stuff to go through the membrane.

19
Q

What is the difference between aquaporins and carrier proteins?

A

Carrier proteins are an active form of transportation through the plasma membrane, while aquaporins only facilitate the transportation of water.

20
Q

What is the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly called?

A

Diffusion.

21
Q

What is the key concept that passive transport relies on?

A

Diffusion

22
Q

What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?

A

Osmosis.

23
Q

Rank Hyper, Iso, and Hypotonic in order of decreasing relative tonicness.

A

Hypertonic first, then Isotonic (same tonicness as other thing), then hypotonic.

24
Q

Turgid vs Flaccid

A

Turgid is firmness. Flaccid refers to limpness

25
Q

What is Plasmolysis?

A

Plasmolysis occurs when the plasma membrane in a plant shrinks and pulls away from the cell wall

26
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Facilitated Diffusion is the process whereby the passive movement of molecules is sped up by a transport protein. Think of a hole in the wall of a plasma membrane that a molecule can just go through instead of having to diffuse through the membrane.

27
Q

What is a Gated Channel?

A

A Gated Channel is an Ion channel that opens or closes in response to stimulus. Think of your eyes as a kind of gated channel: when someone tries to poke you in the eye, you flinch and close your eyes.

28
Q

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

A

The sodium potassium pump is an active transport pump that takes ATP and uses it to move sodium out and take potassium in

29
Q

What is Membrane Potential?

A

Membrane Potential is the difference in voltage across a membrane. ⚡

30
Q

How is Membrane Potential caused?

A

Membrane potential is caused by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions across a membrane.

31
Q

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

A

The Electrochemical Gradient is a process whereby ions are diffused across a membrane. It is caused by either a chemical force or an electrical one.

32
Q

What is an Electrogenic Pump?

A

An electrogenic pump is a pump that moves voltage across a membrane.

33
Q

What is Co-Transport

A

Cotransport is when active transport of one solute indirectly drives transport of other substances. Think of it as hitching a ride or your buddies seeing you going to the store and wanting to go also.

34
Q

What happens when the cell wants to transport a lot of stuff at once across the membrane?

A

The cell just bundles all of the stuff up in a vesicle. Endo/Exocytosis.

35
Q

What is Phagocytosis

A

Phagosytosis is the process whereby a cell engulfs a particle in a vacuole.

36
Q

What in the actual crap is pinocytosis

A

Gulp Gulp Gulp! Pinocytosis is when molecules dissolved in droplets are gulped up and put in vesicles.

37
Q

What is a Ligand?

A

A ligand is any molecules that binds to a receptor.

38
Q

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic and hydrophilic? :(

A

The phospholipid tails are hydrophobic, and the phospholipid heads are hydrophilic.

39
Q

Who won a Nobel prize and discovered that there are proteins in wedged in the plasma membrane?

A

Nicholas and Sanger.

40
Q

True/False “Proteins wedged in the plasma membrane there are?”-Yoda

A

True.

41
Q

What are the proteins that are in the middle of the plasma membrane called?

A

Glycoproteins.

42
Q

What happens to plasma membranes when they are exposed to cold temperatures shiver

A

They freeze over. (no crap fr)

43
Q

Could proteins work if they weren’t fluid?

A

No, plasma membranes have to be fluid in order to function properly.

44
Q

What types of molecules can pass through the plasma membrane unaided? Why?

A

Small hydrophilic molecules can pass through

AP Bio 202 (6 decks)

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