Chapter 5 (Test 2 Review) Flashcards
What is a protein?
A biological funcational molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides
What is the “Primary” structure of a protein
Its the linear sequence of amino acids, primary structure is determined by inheirated genetic make-up.
Image link: https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.4GpCatB46W_mcueAaL1LzwHaEK?pid=ImgDet&rs=1
What is the “Secondary” structure of a protein
They are a coil called the alpha helix and a pleated sheet called beta. The secondary structure holds hydrogen bonds together.
Image Link:
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8jgWnU9WTTU/V97RESJtkII/AAAAAAAAnKg/YTb3-kMGYVohCuDUYOjIpWmI7t3CmN3bwCEw/s1600/4%2B-%2Bsecondary%2Bstrucutre.png
What is the “tertiary” structure of a protein
The overall shape of a polypeptide, results from interactions between R groups, rather than interactions between backbone constituents.
Image Link:
https://s2.studylib.net/store/data/015682632_1-c8ed966b4d09ac14f5fed581b59d2bda.png
What is the “Quartenary” structure of a protein
This happens when two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule. Collagen contains three polypeptides coiled like a rope. Hemoglobin is another example and it contains four polypeptide chains consisting of two alpha and two beta chains.
Image Link:
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/39/c2/e8/39c2e8afc6df9acdb18589c460d31da3.jpg
What are non-polar amino acids, son
They are hydrophobic and don’t have a charge
What are polar amino acids? DAD? did you really come back?
They are hydrophillic and can form bonds with water or other polar molecules
What are acidic amino acids? I really missed you dad, what took you so long?
They are negatively charged and polar and hydrophillic. They also have side chains which can donate protons and have a net negative charge at neutral pH(7)
What are basic amino acids? I hate you son, and your other father too.
They are postivily charged amino acids which are polar and hydrophillic. They have sides which accept protons and have a net positive charge at neutral pH(7)
What causes the formation of peptide bonds. But why, I love you so much.
Peptide bonds are formed when amino acids link via covalent bonds.
What are the components in a Nucleic acid?
Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
Formation of a phosphodiester bond(one of the most important bonds in life)
This is a covalent bond that binds nucleotides which are the back bone of DNA and RNA. Heres a picture of the formation but also remember the elements involved in it. https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.-cQi23tSwNLTVFb7UpEpQAHaFj?pid=ImgDet&rs=1
What are the nucleotides?
Adenine, Guanine, Cystine, Thymine, and Uracil
Whats different from DNA to RNA
RNA writes code for amino acids and also acts as a messenger, DNA contains your genetic information and both use different nucleotides. DNA is a double helix and rna is a single helix
What are the purines and what are the Pyrimidines?
Purines are Adenine and Guanine while pyrimidines are Cystine, Thymine, and Uracil
What is the 5’ and 3’ ends?
The 5’ is the end with a 5th carbon and the 3’ has a free hydroxyl group (OH). The 3’ usually sticks to the 5’ end.
Why the dialogue?
