Chapter 5 (Test 2 Review) Flashcards
What is a protein?
A biological funcational molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides
What is the “Primary” structure of a protein
Its the linear sequence of amino acids, primary structure is determined by inheirated genetic make-up.
Image link: https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.4GpCatB46W_mcueAaL1LzwHaEK?pid=ImgDet&rs=1
What is the “Secondary” structure of a protein
They are a coil called the alpha helix and a pleated sheet called beta. The secondary structure holds hydrogen bonds together.
Image Link:
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8jgWnU9WTTU/V97RESJtkII/AAAAAAAAnKg/YTb3-kMGYVohCuDUYOjIpWmI7t3CmN3bwCEw/s1600/4%2B-%2Bsecondary%2Bstrucutre.png
What is the “tertiary” structure of a protein
The overall shape of a polypeptide, results from interactions between R groups, rather than interactions between backbone constituents.
Image Link:
https://s2.studylib.net/store/data/015682632_1-c8ed966b4d09ac14f5fed581b59d2bda.png
What is the “Quartenary” structure of a protein
This happens when two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule. Collagen contains three polypeptides coiled like a rope. Hemoglobin is another example and it contains four polypeptide chains consisting of two alpha and two beta chains.
Image Link:
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/39/c2/e8/39c2e8afc6df9acdb18589c460d31da3.jpg
What are non-polar amino acids, son
They are hydrophobic and don’t have a charge
What are polar amino acids? DAD? did you really come back?
They are hydrophillic and can form bonds with water or other polar molecules
What are acidic amino acids? I really missed you dad, what took you so long?
They are negatively charged and polar and hydrophillic. They also have side chains which can donate protons and have a net negative charge at neutral pH(7)
What are basic amino acids? I hate you son, and your other father too.
They are postivily charged amino acids which are polar and hydrophillic. They have sides which accept protons and have a net positive charge at neutral pH(7)
What causes the formation of peptide bonds. But why, I love you so much.
Peptide bonds are formed when amino acids link via covalent bonds.
What are the components in a Nucleic acid?
Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides.
Formation of a phosphodiester bond(one of the most important bonds in life)
This is a covalent bond that binds nucleotides which are the back bone of DNA and RNA. Heres a picture of the formation but also remember the elements involved in it. https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.-cQi23tSwNLTVFb7UpEpQAHaFj?pid=ImgDet&rs=1
What are the nucleotides?
Adenine, Guanine, Cystine, Thymine, and Uracil
Whats different from DNA to RNA
RNA writes code for amino acids and also acts as a messenger, DNA contains your genetic information and both use different nucleotides. DNA is a double helix and rna is a single helix
What are the purines and what are the Pyrimidines?
Purines are Adenine and Guanine while pyrimidines are Cystine, Thymine, and Uracil
