Chapter 6 (Test 2 Review) Flashcards
Explain cell fractionation
Takes cells apart and separates major organelles so it’s easier for scientists to examine.
How does homogenization work?
Put tissue cells in a “blender” or a mixer of some kind and mix it up until you get a blend of cells. It reduces particles sizes’ and gets rid of pathogens too.
Difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopes
Transmission shows the 2D interior detailing of the cell and the scanning gives an outside 3D view of the cell.
Explain the Light Microscope
The Light microscope or oil immersion, can go up to 1000x and utilizes light to see cells.
No Brainer: Difference between Prokaryotica and Eukaryotic cells.
Only bacterium and archea are prokaryotes, plants and animals are Eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic Organelles vs. Eukaryotic
P: DNA unbound in the Nucleoid, No membrane-bound organelles
E: Nucleus, Membrane-bound organelles, larger than prokaryotes.
Name the Organelles and their functions nerd
- Nucleus: Contains DNA
- Smooth ER: Synthesises lipids and metabolizes carbohydrates
- Rough ER: Bound Ribosomes which secrete glycoproteins
- Vacuole: storage unit, stores food particles and water
5.Vesicle: Transports proteins form the GA - Golgi Apparatus: Sorts and packages proteins into vesicles
- Plasma Membrane: Semi-permeable bilipid (animals) layer which lets molecules in and out of the cell
- Lysosome: Contain digestive enzymes which break down molecules
- Peroxisome: Oxidizes fatty acids
- Mitochondria: Generates ATP(energy) for the cell via turbines in the organelle
- Chloroplast: Absorbs sunlight and transforms it into glucose(energy) for plants
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
The cytoskeleton keeps everything together, like a skeleton. It organizes and anchors many organelles.
Name a component of the cytoskeleton.
Microtublues
Microfilaments
intermediate filaments
What is the function of the cilia?
The cilia serves to move the organism. Thousands of cilia move the cell in an oar-like motion.
What are the differences between a plant and an animal cell?
An animal cell has an ECM and no chloroplasts.
A plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplasts.
What is the function of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM)?
The ECM serves to provide support, move the cell, and do cell-to-cell recognition.
Can you find an ECM on plant cells?
No.
What are glycoproteins?
Glycoproteins are proteins that are covalently bonded to carbohydrates.
What purpose do glycoproteins serve?
Glycoproteins serve to make up the ECM.
What creates glycoproteins?
Glycoproteins are created by the rough er.
