Plasma Membrane

Question 1

Hydrophobic

Answer 1

Repelled by water, non-polar, allows small hydrophobic & polar molecules to pass through

Question 2

Hydrophilic

Answer 2

Attracted by water, polar

Question 3

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 3

Acts as a barrier between intracellular and extracellular environments.

Question 4

Phospholipid

Answer 4

Hydrophilic polar phosphate head

Hydrophobic non-polar fatty acid tail

Question 5

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 5

Fluid - Fatty acid tails
Mosaic - appearance of proteins on external surface
Phospholipid Bilayer

Question 6

Functions of Plasma Membrane

Answer 6

Receives external signals, active boundary - only allows specific substances to pass, cell identity, transport

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

recognises, transports and receives molecules

Question 8

Glycoproteins

Answer 8

markers for cell-cell communication

Question 9

Carbohydrate chains

Answer 9

attached to glycoproteins to help receive and recognise, enabling specific functions to occur

Question 10

Glycolipid

Answer 10

maintain the stability of the cell and assists cellular recognition

Question 11

Cholesterol

Answer 11

substance found in cell membranes. Makes PM more fluid and vice versa during hot temp

Question 12

Method of Transport depends on

Answer 12

size - bigger is harder, charge - charged is harder, polarity, concentration gradient

Question 13

Simple Diffusion

Answer 13

Passive net movement of a solute from a region of high solute concentration to low solute concentration. Small, lipid soluble (non-polar), uncharged molecules.

Question 14

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 14

Passive net movement of substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration via a membrane protein. Bigger molecules than simple diffusion

Question 15

Protein Carriers

Answer 15

molecule binds, protein carrier changes shape, moves the substance down and out

Question 16

Protein Channels

Answer 16

doesn’t change shape, acts like a pore. Transports faster than diffusion

Question 17

Active Transport

Answer 17

movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to high concentration, requiring use of energy, ATP. Goes against concentration gradient.

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

Net movement of water across membrane from area of low solute to high solute concentration

Question 19

Cytosol

Answer 19

liquid part of the cell that suspends organelles

Question 20

Cystoplasm

Answer 20

contains molecules such as enzymes which are responsible for breaking down waste.

Question 21

Mitochondria

Answer 21

generates most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.

Question 22

Ribosome

Answer 22

links amino acids together in messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains.

Question 23

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 23

membrane-bound. Has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Question 24

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 24

proteins are packaged into secretory vesicles ready for export from the cell

Question 25

Vesicles

Answer 25

small sac made of phospholipid bilayer in the Golgi