Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Question 1

Biomacromolecules

Answer 1

large molecules made up of living organisms

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Made up of macromolecules and repeating subunits

Question 3

Polymer examples

Answer 3

1. polysaccharide
2. polypeptide
3. nucleic acid

Question 4

Monomer

Answer 4

molecule that forms the basic unit for polymers

Question 5

Monomer examples

Answer 5

1. monosaccharide
2. amino acid
3. nucleotide

Question 6

Condensation polymerisation

Answer 6

Monomer to polymer, releases water

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

polymer to monomer, requires water

Question 8

Functions of Proteins

Answer 8

speeds up chemical reactions, cell recognition, cell communication, movement

Question 9

Proteome

Answer 9

Complete set of proteins expressed by the genome of an individual

Question 10

Proteomics

Answer 10

study of structure, functions and interactions of proteins

Question 11

Protein Synthesis

Answer 11

1. Primary Structure
2. Secondary Structure
3. Tertiary Structure
4. Quaternary Structure

Question 12

Primary Strucure

Answer 12

Sequence of amino acids. Monomers are joined by anabolic reactions which require energy

Question 13

Secondary Structure

Answer 13

Folding of primary structures into alpha helices or beta pleated sheets

Question 14

Tertiary Structure

Answer 14

the 3D shape of the protein determines its function.

hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions

Question 15

Quaternary Structure

Answer 15

2 or more polypeptide chains joined to form a functional protein

Question 16

Nucleic Acids

Answer 16

responsible for carrying all genetic information of organisms and encodes the information for synthesis of protein in cells

Question 17

Bases

Answer 17

Nitrogen,
Purines - Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines - Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Question 18

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 18

Makes up genetic code, carries instructions for making proteins.
Strands run antiparallel, when nucleotide is added can only be added to 3’ end

Question 19

RNA - ribonucleic acid

Answer 19

Involved in every stage on gene expression.

transferRNA, ribosomalRNA, messengerRNA

Question 20

tRNA

Answer 20

Transfers amino acids from the cytosol to a ribosome

Question 21

rRNA

Answer 21

makes part of the ribosome, the site of translation

Question 22

mRNA

Answer 22

carries a transcription of genetic sequences to a ribosome for translation

Question 23

Gene expression

Answer 23

the process of transcribing and translating a genetic sequence into a gene product

Question 24

Triplet

Answer 24

a sequence of 3 DNA bases

Question 25

Codon

Answer 25

sequence of 3 mRNA bases

Question 26

Anticodon

Answer 26

sequence of tRNA bases

Question 27

Transcription

Answer 27

to copy a template strand of DNA into mRNA to carry instructions for a polypeptide chain to a ribosome

Question 28

Steps of transcription

Answer 28

DNA template > mRNA > polypeptide

1. DNA partially unwinds, Helicase and Gyrase
2. RNA primer binds at starting point
3. RNA polymerase codes for complimentary strand of RNA

Question 29

Steps for Translation

Answer 29

mRNA > protein

1. mRNA arrives at ribosome
2. ribosome heads group of 3 nucleotides
3. tRNA has specific anticodon complimentary to codons of mRNA
4. peptide bond forms between joining amino acid, tRNA removed to be used again
5. polypeptide production stops when “stop” sequence is reached