Plasma Membrane

Question 1

LM resolution

Answer 1

.2 microns

Question 2

EM resolution

Answer 2

2 nanometers

Question 3

Structures you can see with LM

Answer 3

cells
nucleus
cilia
microvilli (sometimes)

Question 4

Structures you need EM to see

Answer 4

mitochondria
lysosomes
perixosomes
golgi vesicles
cytoskeletal elements
plasma membrane

Question 5

amphipathic

Answer 5

have hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties

Question 6

cytoplasmic phospholipids

Answer 6

Anionic (PI and PS)

Question 7

sugar moieties (n-linked glycosylation)

Answer 7

always facing extracellular

Question 8

scramblases and flippases

Answer 8

proteins that facilitate flipping of phospholipids in cell membrane

Question 9

disulfide bonds

Answer 9

face extracellular environment

Question 10

sulfhydryl groups

Answer 10

face cytosol

Question 11

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Answer 11

defect in bone marrow gene that adds GPI linkages

lack of CD markers on RBCs that are supposed to block complement

causing hemolysis

flow cytometry can be used to identify patients with low CD59 count

Question 12

Glycocalyx

Answer 12

sugar moieties

recognition via lectins

repulsion due to negative charge

absorption in digestive tract

protection from proteases

Question 13

lipid raft (caveolae)

Answer 13

Signaling micro-domain: brings receptors and signaling molecules together

lipids and proteins coalescing together

cholesterol and sphingomyelin rich

Question 14

NA concentration

Answer 14

high outside

low inside

Question 15

K concentration

Answer 15

low outside

high inside

Question 16

Ca concentration

Answer 16

high outside

low inside

Question 17

which polar head groups face inside?

Answer 17

PI

PS

Question 18

which polar head groups face outside?

Answer 18

PC

PE

Question 19

What is responsible for ABO blood types?

Answer 19

Glycolipids

Question 20

factors that control/disrupt membrane fluidity

Answer 20

temp
lipid/fatty acids
cholesterol
cytoskeleton
detergents
anesthetics
hormones

Question 21

pinocytosis

Answer 21

non-specific ingestions of particles by cell

Question 22

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 22

allows entry of specific molecules

Question 23

phagocytosis

Answer 23

cell ingestion of large particles

Question 24

p-face

Answer 24

side of membrane facing cytosol

Question 25

e-face

Answer 25

side of membrane facing extracellular space