Mitochondria Flashcards
Functions of mitochondria
bioenergetics - important where you generate a lot of ATP
apoptosis - programmed cell death
calcium homeostasis - mitochondria/ER interactions
biogenesis - to meet the energy demands of cells
oxygen sensors
Examples of mitochondrial diseases
neurodegenerative
neuropathies
cardiometabolic diseases
cancer
Which cell has least number of mitochondria?
A. epithelium
b. neutrophil
c. cardiac
d. nerve tissue
Neutrophil
lives in anaerobic environment so it does not need mitochondria
Is mitochondria maternally or paternally inherited?
maternally
How are mitochondria positioned in the cell?
Influenced by:
- cytoskeleton
- demand for ATP
Are mitochondria more abundant on apical or basal side of cell?
Basal - located in basal infoldings
Need energy to pump out unwanted ions via ATPase
ATP made in mitochondria ETC
Mitochondria of ducts
Ions are reabsorbed in the ductal system (specifically striated duct) by ATPase - requires mitochondria
mitochondria HE stains
ETC contains proteins that are highly basic - so mitochondria stain eosinophilic
Where are mitochondria in the axon?
Near synapse - need ATP for synaptic transmission
Where does ETC occur?
inner membrane of mitochondria
cardiolipin
lipid in inner-membrane of mitochondria that makes membrane impermeable
*damage to cardiolipin can cause Cytochrom C to pop off inner membrane and travel to cytoplasm and cause apoptosis
what happens when you replace ATP synthase with an uncoupling protein?
You generate heat
where are cell surface proteins synthesized?
in the ER
where are nucleus/mitochondrial proteins synthesized?
by free ribosomes in the cytoplasm - certain signal sequences target proteins to destination
how many polypeptides can mitochondrial DNA code for
13
why do antibiotics affect mitochondrial processes at high doses?
mitochondria are more prokaryotic
mitochondrial fission
Does not occur exactly with cell cycle
purpose is that you need enough mitochondria distributed in both daughter cells
mitochondrial fusion
promotes complementation between damaged mitochondria
Tom/Tim
translocase of the outer/inner membrane
facilitate translocation of proteins synthesized in the nucleus through the mitochondrial membrane
