Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

What is the most major type of cartilage?

Answer 1

hyaline cartilage

Question 2

cartilage

Answer 2

Cell = chondrocyte
large cells

no blood cells

Question 3

perichondrion

Answer 3

surrounding of cartilage
dense irreg. CT
gives rise to new cartilage

Question 4

apositional growth of cartilage

Answer 4

from the edge and sides
involves differentiation
1. perichondrial cells
2. chondrioblasts
3. chondrocytes

Question 5

interstitial growth of cartilage

Answer 5

grows WITHIN mass of cartilage

chondrocytes divide

Question 6

cartilage lacunae

Answer 6

spaces that are filled by chondrocytes

Question 7

what type of collagen is cartilage?

Answer 7

Type II

Question 8

isogenous groups

Answer 8

hallmark of interstitial growth, where cells have descended from a common progenitor

Question 9

hyaline cartilage

Answer 9

“glassy” cartilage

collagen type II

cells are scalloped

ECM includes hyaluronan and proteoglycan aggregates called aggrecan

Question 10

Can damaged collagen heal?

Answer 10

Yes! Good at restoring matrix that is lost: Chondrocytes are able to restore lost proteoglycan and collagen

BUT: Bad at restoring traumatic cartilage damage

Question 11

Fibrocartilage

Answer 11

Type 1 and 2 collagen

Not surrounded by perichondrion because it is nourished by vasculature of bone

Question 12

elastic cartilage

Answer 12

Collagen type II

Elastin is heavily wrapped around the lacunae

You can see elastic fibers in the ECM

Question 13

tide mark

Answer 13

clear demarcation between bone and cartilage

Question 14

CAM grafting

Answer 14

Take eggs - remove embryo and replace with other material to see how vasculature grows

Found: no vasculature in cartilage

Question 15

what happens when you soak cartilage in saline solution?

Answer 15

Cartilage becomes permissible to blood vessels

Question 16

what happens when you remove mineral from bones using acid?

Answer 16

Bone remains resilient but loses rigidity (becomes bendy)

Question 17

What happens when you remove organic components of bone?

Answer 17

Bone remains rigid but becomes brittle

Question 18

Osteocytes

Answer 18

Bone cells

Have “dendritic” extensions by which they contact each other

Extensions move through tiny canals called canaliculi

Question 19

Osteons

Answer 19

structural unit of bone

Question 20

haversian canal

Answer 20

contains vascular and nerve supply of osteon

Question 21

volkmans canals

Answer 21

connect haversian canals

Question 22

concentric lamellae

Answer 22

interstitial layers surround osteon

Question 23

endosteum

Answer 23

inner portion of bone

Question 24

what are osteocytes and osteoblasts activated by?

Answer 24

calcitonin

Question 25

osteoclast

Answer 25

activated by parathyroid hormone

Large!

*Multi-nucleated

breaks down bone

• demineralizes
• breaks down collagen and other proteins

Question 26

what activates osteoclasts?

Answer 26

parathyroid hormone

Question 27

what inhibits osteoclasts?

Answer 27

calcitonin