Lysosomes

Question 1

lysosomes

Answer 1

heterogeneous organelles capable of digesting all kinds of macromolecules

Question 2

lysosome structure

Answer 2

single unit membrane
50-60 hydrolases
acidic

Question 3

how to lysosomes maintain acidity?

Answer 3

ATPases coupled to H ion pumps

Question 4

what stain is used to locate lysosomes?

Answer 4

acid phosphatase

Question 5

clathrin

Answer 5

membrane protein which forms cage-like structures involved in transport of membrane receptor-ligand complexes

i.e. clathrin coat

Question 6

adaptins

Answer 6

proteins which specifically bind to receptor internalization sequences and to clathrin on the cytosolic side

Question 7

how are membrane proteins degraded?

Answer 7

tagged with ubiquitin and invaginated forming multivesicular bodies within endosome

Question 8

CURL

Answer 8

compartment for uncoupling of receptors from ligand

facilitates some membrane components to enter lysosomes and others to be recycled

Question 9

chloroquine

Answer 9

weak base used to study the function of lysosomes and other acidic compartments

used because they accumulate in acidic structures and neutralize the pH

Question 10

autophagy

Answer 10

degradation of endogenous (intracellular) proteins

Question 11

chaperone mediated autophagy

Answer 11

when cytosolic proteins have a type of signal sequence that directs them to lysosomes for direct uptake during starvation

Question 12

tay-sachs disease

Answer 12

absence of a single or several hydrolases

Question 13

I-cell disease

Answer 13

hydrolases secreted into blood due to absence of mannose-6-phosphate

Question 14

proteasome

Answer 14

large multicatalytic protease used to degrade cytosolic proteins for turnover

Question 15

ubiquitin

Answer 15

used to tag proteins for turnover in the proteasome

Question 16

peroxisomes

Answer 16

organelles that can sometimes resemble lysosomes but contain catalase to break down toxic compounds (ex: ethanol) by converting h202 to h20

important for fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis (myelin)

Question 17

zellwegger’s syndrome

Answer 17

mutations in the peroxisome receptor which recognizes the 3-peptide sequence

Question 18

where does the addition of m-6-p to the lysosome occur?

Answer 18

cis golgi

Question 19

mannose-6-phosphate receptors

Answer 19

incorporate tagged hydrolase in vesicles and form transport vesicles with info that allows it to fuse to the endolysosome

Question 20

dynamin

Answer 20

protein that pinches off the vesicle during endocytosis

Question 21

microautophagy

Answer 21

lysosomes take in material similar to how the cell membrane does during endocytosis

Question 22

macroautophagy

Answer 22

autophagic vacuoles formed to enclose and engulf anything surrounding

Question 23

LAMP

Answer 23

lysosome associated membrane proteins