Plasma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fluid compartments?

A

Intracellular
Extracellular
Transcellular fluid
Blood plasma

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2
Q

Which compartment comprises the majority of fluid?

A

Intracellular compartment

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3
Q

What is the primary component of extracellular fluid?

A

Interstitial fluid

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4
Q

What is the purpose of interstitial fluid?

A

Concerns the transport of oxygen and nutrients to cells, in addition to assisting with the removal of cellular metabolic waste products

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5
Q

How is interstitial fluid drained?

A

Drained by a series of lymphatic. vessels, further constituting as lymph

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6
Q

What are the secondary lymph organs?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, peyers patches

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7
Q

What is plasma?

A

The liquid component of blood and lymphatic fluid; plasma is devoid of cells

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8
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

proteins and antibodies

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9
Q

What separates plasma from red blood cells during centrifugation?

A

Buffy coat

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10
Q

What does a buffy coat contain?

A

Buffy coat contains leukocytes and platelets

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11
Q

What is Apheresis?

A

A technique involving donor blood being collected and subjected under centrifugation. Used for diagnostic purposes.
Elevated levels of certain molecules provide biomarkers for disease

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12
Q

What are the two major groups of proteins present within the plasma?

A

Serum albumin

Globulins

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13
Q

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

A

Serum albumin

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14
Q

Name the five variants of globulins:

A

Apha-1-2
Beta 1-2
Gamma globulin

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15
Q

Where is serum albumin synthesized?

A

Within the liver

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16
Q

What are the functions of serum albumin?

A

Transport of lipids, hormones, ions and maintains osmotic pressures of plasma (Oncotic pressure)

17
Q

What is the fate of fatty acids produced by lipolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue?

A

Transported into albumin for beta-oxidation

18
Q

What is the function of alpha-globulins?

A

Enters circulation whereby it inhibits proteases, and protects tissues from enzymes (protease neutrophil elastase)

19
Q

Which enzymes do alpha-globulins protect tissues from?

A

Protease neutrophil elastase

20
Q

When is protease neutrophil elastase produced?

A

Released during inflammation

21
Q

How are serum alpha-1 globulins represented?

A

By alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT)

22
Q

Where is alpha-1 antitrypsin produced?

A

Produced within the liver

23
Q

What is the pathology concerning the A1AT deficiency?

A

Degradation of lung tissue, therefore reducing elasticity and stimulating respiratory issues.

24
Q

What two molecules do Alpha-2 globulins comprise of?

A

Haptoglobin

Alpha-1 macroglobulin

25
Q

What is the function of haptoglobin?

A

Haptoglobin released from erythrocytes and results in haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex being removed by the spleen

26
Q

What is the function of alpha-2 macroglobulin?

A

Protease inhibitor (inactivates fibrinolysis)

27
Q

What are the examples of beta-globulins?

A
Complement proteins (C3 & C4)
Transferrin (transportation of iron)
28
Q

Where are beta globulins synthesised?

A

Liver

29
Q

What are gamma globulins?

A

Immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Acute-phase protein C-reactive protein