Plasma

Question 1

What are the fluid compartments?

Answer 1

Intracellular
Extracellular
Transcellular fluid
Blood plasma

Question 2

Which compartment comprises the majority of fluid?

Answer 2

Intracellular compartment

Question 3

What is the primary component of extracellular fluid?

Answer 3

Interstitial fluid

Question 4

What is the purpose of interstitial fluid?

Answer 4

Concerns the transport of oxygen and nutrients to cells, in addition to assisting with the removal of cellular metabolic waste products

Question 5

How is interstitial fluid drained?

Answer 5

Drained by a series of lymphatic. vessels, further constituting as lymph

Question 6

What are the secondary lymph organs?

Answer 6

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, peyers patches

Question 7

What is plasma?

Answer 7

The liquid component of blood and lymphatic fluid; plasma is devoid of cells

Question 8

What does plasma contain?

Answer 8

proteins and antibodies

Question 9

What separates plasma from red blood cells during centrifugation?

Answer 9

Buffy coat

Question 10

What does a buffy coat contain?

Answer 10

Buffy coat contains leukocytes and platelets

Question 11

What is Apheresis?

Answer 11

A technique involving donor blood being collected and subjected under centrifugation. Used for diagnostic purposes.
Elevated levels of certain molecules provide biomarkers for disease

Question 12

What are the two major groups of proteins present within the plasma?

Answer 12

Serum albumin

Globulins

Question 13

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

Answer 13

Serum albumin

Question 14

Name the five variants of globulins:

Answer 14

Apha-1-2
Beta 1-2
Gamma globulin

Question 15

Where is serum albumin synthesized?

Answer 15

Within the liver

Question 16

What are the functions of serum albumin?

Answer 16

Transport of lipids, hormones, ions and maintains osmotic pressures of plasma (Oncotic pressure)

Question 17

What is the fate of fatty acids produced by lipolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue?

Answer 17

Transported into albumin for beta-oxidation

Question 18

What is the function of alpha-globulins?

Answer 18

Enters circulation whereby it inhibits proteases, and protects tissues from enzymes (protease neutrophil elastase)

Question 19

Which enzymes do alpha-globulins protect tissues from?

Answer 19

Protease neutrophil elastase

Question 20

When is protease neutrophil elastase produced?

Answer 20

Released during inflammation

Question 21

How are serum alpha-1 globulins represented?

Answer 21

By alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT)

Question 22

Where is alpha-1 antitrypsin produced?

Answer 22

Produced within the liver

Question 23

What is the pathology concerning the A1AT deficiency?

Answer 23

Degradation of lung tissue, therefore reducing elasticity and stimulating respiratory issues.

Question 24

What two molecules do Alpha-2 globulins comprise of?

Answer 24

Haptoglobin

Alpha-1 macroglobulin

Question 25

What is the function of haptoglobin?

Answer 25

Haptoglobin released from erythrocytes and results in haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex being removed by the spleen

Question 26

What is the function of alpha-2 macroglobulin?

Answer 26

Protease inhibitor (inactivates fibrinolysis)

Question 27

What are the examples of beta-globulins?

Answer 27

Complement proteins (C3 & C4)
Transferrin (transportation of iron)

Question 28

Where are beta globulins synthesised?

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

What are gamma globulins?

Answer 29

Immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Acute-phase protein C-reactive protein