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perio exam 2 > plaque induced gingivitis > Flashcards

plaque induced gingivitis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 types of Dental Gingival Diseases?

A

1) Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only
2) Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors
3) Gingival diseases modified by medications
4) Gingival diseases modified by malnutrition

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2
Q

the signs and symptoms of gingivitis are limited to the ______

A

gingiva

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3
Q

T/F: there must be plaque and signs of clinical inflammation for gingivitis

A

true

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4
Q

T/F: Reversibility of the disease by removing the etiology is a characteristic of ALL types of gingivitis

A

true

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5
Q

Normal gingival color:

A

“coral pink”+ pigmentation

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6
Q

Severly inflammed gingiva looks ____ and _____

A

red and cyanotic

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7
Q

why does severely inflamed gingiva look red and cyanotic?

A

vascular proliferation and reduction in keratinization

venous stasis

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8
Q

color changes start at the __________ and ________, and spread to the attached gingiva.

A

interdental papillae and gingival margin

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9
Q

why does gingival bleeding increase with inflammation?

A

Dilation and engorgement of the capillaries

Thinning or ulceration of the sulcular epithelium

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10
Q

_________ bleeding occurs in acute/severe gingival disease and may be related to systemic health problems

A

spontaneous

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11
Q

how does the consistency of gingiva change with inflammation?

A
  • Increase in extracellular fluid and exudate,
  • Degeneration of connective tissue and epithelium,
  • Engorged connective tissue and thinning of epithelium.
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12
Q

what is the consistency of gingiva in severe gingival diseases?

A

Sloughing with grayish flake-like debris (necrosis)

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13
Q

Chronic inflammation can induce ______ and ________ proliferation

A

fibrosis and epithelial proliferation

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14
Q

what causes Firm, leathery gingival tissue?

A

fibrosis and epithelial proliferation (in chronic inflammation)

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15
Q

what are the changes in the surface texture of gingival tissues during inflammation? (both with exudative and fibrotic changes)

A

smooth and shiny: exudative changes

firm and nodular: fibrotic changes

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16
Q

what is the shape of healthy gingiva?

A

Scalloped with gingiva filling interdental spaces ( presence of papilla)

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17
Q

how does the shape of gingiva change due to inflammation?

A
  • Knife edge gingival adaptation or loose gingival margins

- In some cases, clefts (Stillman’s) or festoons (McCall’s) may develop

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18
Q

the chronic inflammatory response during gingival enlargement has characteristic _______ and _______ features

A

exudative and proliferative features

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19
Q

what are the clinical characteristics of gingival enlargement?

A

Clinically deep red lesions with soft, friable, smooth, shiny surface and bleeding tendency

Also, relatively firm, resilient and pink lesions with greater fibrotic component, abundant fibroblasts and collagen fibers

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20
Q

the primary etiologic factor for gingivitis is __________

A

Bacterial plaque

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21
Q

what are the secondary/local factors for gingivitis?

A
  • Calculus
  • Marginal deficiencies in restorations and rough surfaces
  • Malocclusion
  • Tooth/root anomalies
22
Q

what is the “average” biological width?

A

2.73 mm

or 2.04

23
Q

A minimum dimension of ______ mm coronal to the alveolar crest is needed to permit healing and proper restoration

A

3 mm

24
Q

what happens if a restoration is placed below the necessary biologic width?

A

Marginal tissue recession, apical migration of the attachment apparatus, or both, may result

25
Q

T/F: Periodontitis starts with gingivitis, but gingivitis does not always progress into periodontitis

A

true

26
Q

what causes the transition from gingivitis to periodontitis?

A

Progression of the inflammatory process to the

underlying connective tissue attachment and periodontal ligament

27
Q

T/F: The return of inflammation to sites treated for

periodontitis is not common

A

FALSE

it is common

28
Q

________ inflammation may be confined to the
gingival tissues and may not cause further attachment
loss

A

recurrent

29
Q

Gingival diseases can be modified by ________ factors, which is why pregnant women (and moody teenagers) are at a higher risk

A

endocrine

30
Q

why are pregnant women at a higher risk for gingivitis? when is this risk the highest?

A

Exaggerated localized host response modulated by levels of endogenous hormones

Changes often appear during 2nd trimester and regress upon parturition

31
Q

______-______ can be a secondary factor in puberty associated gingivitis

A

Mouth-breathing

32
Q

An increase in GCF (Gingival Crevicular Fluid)

by 20% has been described in what type of gingivitis?

A

Menstrual cycle associated gingivitis

33
Q

t/f: clinically detectable changes in gingivitis can be seen during menstruation

A

false

34
Q

Pyogenic granuloma of pregnancy arise from where?

A

Commonly arises from the proximal gingival tissues and has a pedunculated base.

35
Q

what is a Pyogenic granuloma?

A

A highly vascularized mass of granulation tissue

often found in women in their 2nd or 3rd trimester

36
Q

what dietary deficiencies can cause Gingival diseases modification?

A

Deficiency in vitamin C (Scurvy).

Lack of vitamins A, B2 and B12 complex.

37
Q

Acute _______ _______ is associated with gingival changes.

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

38
Q

Persistent unexplained gingival bleeding may indicate underlying _____________

A

thrombocytopenia

39
Q

cyclic neutropenia can lead to gingival ________

A

ulcerations

40
Q

what are the 3 commonly used drug types that are associated with gingival overgrowth?

A

Anticonvulsants (Phenytoin sodium or epinutin)

Immunosuppressant (Cyclosporin A)

Calcium channel blocking agents (Nifedipine)

41
Q

what groups are at a higher risk for necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)?

A

Adolescents or young adults, may be smokers and individuals often with psychological stress

42
Q

the clinical signs of NUG include:

A

Pain, ulceration and necrosis of the interdental papillae, bleeding

43
Q

The resolution of NUG often requires __________

A

systemic antibiotics

44
Q

what are the predisposing factors for NUG? (theres 3)

A
  • Systemic diseases like ulcerative colitis, blood dyscrasias and nutritional deficiency states.
  • Abnormalities of white blood cell function.
  • Patients suffering from AIDS
45
Q

___________ may progress to Noma or cancrum oris

A

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

46
Q

what is the difference in etiology (cause) between NUG and PHS?

A

Bacteria (NUG),

Herpes simplex virus (PHS)

47
Q

how do the symptoms of NUG and PHS differ?

A

Ulceration and necrotic tissue, yellowish white plaque (NUG)

Multiple vesicles which burst leaving small round fibrin covered ulcers (PHS)

48
Q

while _____ is contagious, _____ is not

A

PHS is contagious (caused by herpes)

NUG is not (its bacterial)

49
Q

where in the oral cavity is PHS found that NUG is not?

A

PHS is found in the attached gingiva

50
Q

gingivitis around an implant is known as __________

A

Peri-mucositis

perio exam 2 (11 decks)

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