periodontitis- risk for systemic disease Flashcards
what were the problems with the focal infection concept
- Extracting teeth didn’t necessarily cure disease
- People with good oral health and no infection still developed systemic diseases
- People with no teeth still developed systemic diseases
list the steps of the acute-phase reaction cascade
Triggering factors
Local reaction
Mediators
Secondary systemic reaction
what are the “triggering factors” of the acute-phase reaction cascade?
– Infection – Necrosis – Surgery – Neoplasia – Radiation
list the cell types involved in the “local responses” during the acute-phase reaction cascade
– Macrophages
– Fibroblasts
– Endothelial and other cells
_________ are responsible for the production and release of inflammatory cytokines
mediators
what inflammatory mediators are involved in the acute-phase reaction cascade?
– TNF-alpha
– IL-1
– IL-6
– IFN-gamma
what are the characteristics of a secondary systemic reaction?
– Fever and leukocytosis
– Complement activation
– Serum glucocorticoids increased
– Altered synthesis of acute phase proteins
opsonization, lysis, and chemotaxis (CTX) are all _______ components
compliment
what does alpha2-macroglobulin inhibit?
protease
inhibits enzyme
what are C-reactive proteins involved in?
opsonization
T/F: fibrinogen and plasminogen are important in the acute phase
true
_____% of Americans 30 yrs and older (64.7 million total) have periodontitis
47
Periodontal pockets provide a significant surface area exposed to ________ biofilm
gram-negative
during periodontitis, there is a systemic exposure to what?
– Bacteria and bacterial products
– Inflammatory cytokines
what systemic conditions can be caused by periodontitis?
- Atherosclerotic vascular disease
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes
- Diabetic complications
- Respiratory infections
Atherosclerosis leads to fibro-lipid lesions called ________
atheromas
what are the common complications of atherosclerosis?
Coronary thrombosis and acute myocardial infarction
what 2 things can cause an Acute phase reaction?
Systemic Inflammation & Bacterial Translocation
what are the major confounding factors associating periodontitis with AVD?
- Smoking
- Age
- Diabetes
- Educational and socioeconomic status
T/F: DeStafano found that periodontitis is associated with a small increase in risk for coronary heart disease in men
true
what did the matilla study find?
it showed a significant association between poor oral health and MI (myocardial infarction)
the ______ study revealed a small association between tooth loss and coronary heart disease.
Joshipura
the study by _______ found that periodontitis can influence atheroma formation
Beck
what study found no link between periodontal disease and CHD risk
Hujoel
Periodontal patients treated with Sc/RP experienced significant reductions in serum _____ and ____
CRP and IL-6
T/F: There is currently a lack of strong evidence that treatment of periodontitis reduces the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
true
Periodontal pathogens have been isolated from human carotid _______
atheromas
the bacterial species _________ can induce platelet aggregation
P. gingivalis
T/F: According to the AHA, there is evidence to indicate that perio treatments can prevent AVD
FALSE
there is not enough evidence to indicate that it can prevent AVD or modify its outcomes
T/F: Poorly controlled diabetics of both types tend to have more periodontal attachment loss than non-diabetics
true
T/F: there is conclusive evidence for an association between periodontal disease and COPD, probably due to inhaled oral bacteria
false
we have yet to establish a link
It is likely that well-controlled ___________ studies will provide the strongest evidence of periodontitis as a risk factor for systemic health
intervention
