perio indices Flashcards by asw asw

how are periodontal diseases identified?

Assessment of inflammation +

Loss of periodontal tissue support

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how can a Loss of periodontal tissue support be measured?

Probing depths

Clinical attachment levels

Radiographic evaluation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the purpose of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)?

To assess oral cleanlines by estimating the tooth surface covered with debris and/or calculus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the components of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)?

Simplified Debris Index

Simplified Calculus Index

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what tooth surfaces are selected for a OHI-S index?

Facial surfaces of # 3, 8, 14, 24

Lingual surface of # 19, 30

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how are DI-S AND CI-S scores calculated?

by totaling the debris score of each surface and dividing by the number of surfaces examined

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does the plaque index (Pli) assess?

assesses the amount of plaque at the gingival margin, examining the same anatomical units as the GI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

plaque index scores range from ____ to ____

0 to 3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A probe is used to distinguish between plaque scores of ____ to _____. Visible plaque is scored a _____ or a _____

A probe is used to distinguish between scores 0 and 1. Visible plaque is scored a 2 or a 3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Pl-I (plaque index) is computed for what 3 categories?

for a:
tooth (4 surfaces)

subject

or population

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F: Plaque Index ignores coronal extent of plaque on the tooth surface area and assesses only the thickness of plaque at the gingival area of the tooth.

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the plaque index was developed as a component to parallel what other measurement technique?

the gingival index (GI)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F: the Pl-I is not usually used in longitudinal studies and clinical trials

FALSE:

It is generally used in longitudinal studies and clinical trials

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In 1962 Quigley and Hein reported a plaque measurement that focused on the _______ third of the tooth surface

gingival

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what would a score of 2 on the Turesky Modified Pl-I? a score of 3?

score of 2: Thin, continuous band of plaque, 1 mm wide, at cervical margin

score of 3: A plaque band >1 mm but <1/3 of crown height

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the highest score possible on the Turesky Modified Plaque index? what does this signify?

a Score of 5

Plaque covering at least 2/3 of crown height

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plaque is made visible using a disclosing agent in what plaque index system?

O’Leary Index

gives the % of teeth with plaque

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F: the quigley-hein Pl-I is the most frequently used plaque index in clinical trials

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the 3 index systems used to assess calculus?

Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)

Probe Method (Volpe-Manhold)

NIDR Calculus Index

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how is the NIDR Calculus Index scored?

a score of 0: no calculus

score of 1: Supragingival calculus

score of 2: Supragingival and subgingival, or subgingival calculus only is present

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the ____________ index determines the quantity of supragingival calculus

Volpe-Manhold Index

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what tooth surfaces are used for the Volpe-Manhold Index?

Lingual surfaces of lower anteriors (#22-27)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which calculus index is the Most frequently used calculus index in longitudinal studies?

Volpe-Manhold Index

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how is the Quantity of calculus determined in the Volpe-manhold index?

determined in mm of calculus along the 2 diagonal and the central lines drawn over the lingual surface of each tooth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the "background" theory of the Papillary-Marginal-Attachment (PMA)-Index?

The number of units affected correlates with the severity of gingival inflammation

in the PMA index, the Facial gingival surface is divided into _____ scoring units

divided in 3 scoring units: P - M - A | papillary, marginal, attachment

______ units affected with gingivitis are counted in the PMA index

gingival

T/F: Severity component can be considered when conducting a PMA index

true

how is the Gingival Index (GI) assessed?

The severity of inflammation is assessed in 4 distinct gingival areas: distofacial papilla, facial margin, mesiofacial papilla, lingual gingival margin

how is the GI (gingival index) scored?

0 to 3; bleeding is considered. Presence of bleeding automatically leads to a score ≥2

what is the GI (gingival index) useful for?

Useful for the calculation of prevalence and severity of gingivitis in population and individual

T/F: the Gingival index can be used to determine the prevalence and severity of gingivitis in epidemiologic surveys, but cannot be used as an evaluation of individual dentition

FALSE can be used for both

while the original gingival index is scored from 0 to 3, the modified GI is scored in what increments?

from 0 to 4

what is the difference between a score of 1 and 2 on the modified Gingival index?

1 = Mild inflammation in a Portion of unit 2 = Mild inflammation in the Entire unit

what differentiates between moderate and severe inflammation in the modified GI?

Bleeding, congestion, or ulceration | if any of the 3 are present, you have severe

T/F: The bleeding tendency in a BOP exam is assessed upon probing a periodontal pocket using standardized pressure

true

where is the periodontal probe inserted during a BOP exam?

Periodontal probe is inserted to the bottom of the periodontal pocket. Bleeding is observed 15 seconds following retraction of probe.

B-o-P is a valid indicator for periodontal stability. However, it is a poor indicator of what?

poor indicator of periodontal breakdown.

why is bleeding upon probing a preferred diagnostic observation?

the use of gingival bleeding indices is desirable because bleeding is a more objective indicator than early gingival color changes and because it provides evidence of recent plaque exposure

attachment level (mm) =

probing depth (mm) + recession (mm)

in the Extent and severity index, Disease is defined as what?

attachment loss >1mm

what is meant by the "extent" in a ESI index?

the proportion of tooth sites in a patient showing signs of destructive periodontitis

what is meant by the "severity" in a ESI index?

Amount of attachment loss at the diseased sites, expressed as a mean value

the ESI is based on probe measurements at _____ sites in one maxillary quadrant, and _____ in the contralateral mandibular quadrant

Unlike other periodontal disease indeces, ESI describes the ________ of disease.

distribution

what are the scores of The Periodontal Index System (PI)? what do they correlate with?

Score 0: Negative. Score 1, 2: Gingivitis Score 6: Gingivitis with pocket formation Score 8: Advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function

during the PI exam, All teeth are examined. The circumference of each tooth is inspected _______, and given a score

visually

Crevicular measurements, and Periodontal Disease Index are both examined in what index system?

The Periodontal Disease Index System

for a given tooth, The __________ score is tabulated and used for the calculation of the subject's PDI

most severe (of the 4 measurements taken)

why was the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) created?

Primarily designed to assess periodontal treatment needs in under served parts of the world

how are the teeth examined in the CPITN?

10 index teeth are examined and worst finding is recorded per sextant

how many scores are there for the CPITN? how many treatment categories?

4 categories/levels for each

what is the purpose of the Periodontal Screening & Recording® (PSR)

rapid and effective way to screen patients for periodontal diseases and summarizes necessary information with minimum documentation.

T/F: The ADA and the AAP support the use of PSR® by dentists as a part of oral examinations.

true

how many PSR "codes" are there?

5 codes (from 0 to 4)

a PSR exam is broken down into ____ areas

6 its a sextant exam

what are the benefits of a PSR screening?

Early detection speed simplicity cost-effectiveness recording ease risk management

PSR® is a screening system designed to _______ periodontal diseases

detect

t/f: the PSR is not intended to replace a comprehensive periodontal examination when indicated.

true

Patients who have been treated for periodontal diseases and are in a maintenance phase of therapy require periodic __________ periodontal examinations.

comprehensive

what are the potential problems (examiners bias) associated with perio exams?

halo effect Leniency/Severity Error Central Tendency Error

what does "calibration" involve during perio indices?

Several examiners at different experience levels Subjects with various disease extend and severity Follow-up appointments

what is the main goal of "calibration" when conducting perio exams?

Main goal is to determine inter/intra-examiner variations

what is sensitivity?

The probability that a test result will be positive when the test is administered to people who actually have the disease in question

what is specificity?

The probability that a test will be negative when administered to people who are free of the disease in question

________ is the probability of disease in a subject with a positive test result

Predictive Value Positive (PVP)

_______ is the probability of not having the disease when the test is negative

Predictive Value Negative (PVN)

what does the O’Leary Plaque Index measure?

the percentage of tooth surfaces positive for plaque

how is the periodontal disease index system scored?

Score 1, 2, 3: Severity of gingivitis Score 4: Initial attachment loss ( 3 mm and 6 mm)

what is the main goal of "calibration" during perio exams?

Main goal is to determine inter/intra-examiner variations

what does a score of 1 on the PSR system indicate?

- colored portion of probe is completely visible - NO calculus or margin defects present - Bleeding after probing

what does a score of 2 on the PSR system indicate?

- colored area of the probe remains completely visible | - Supragingival or subgingival calculus and/or defective margins are detected

what does a score of 3 on the PSR system indicate?

The colored area of the probe is PARTIALLY covered by the margin of the pocket

what does a score of 4 on the PSR system indicate?

The colored area of the probe completely disappears indicating a probing depth of greater than 5.5 mm

During a PSR exam, If two or more sextants score a Code ________, a comprehensive full mouth examination and charting are indicated

three

if a code of ______ is found in a PSR exam, It can be assumed that complex treatment will be required