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perio indices Flashcards

1
Q

how are periodontal diseases identified?

A

Assessment of inflammation +

Loss of periodontal tissue support

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2
Q

how can a Loss of periodontal tissue support be measured?

A

Probing depths

Clinical attachment levels

Radiographic evaluation

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3
Q

what is the purpose of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)?

A

To assess oral cleanlines by estimating the tooth surface covered with debris and/or calculus

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4
Q

what are the components of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)?

A

Simplified Debris Index

Simplified Calculus Index

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5
Q

what tooth surfaces are selected for a OHI-S index?

A

Facial surfaces of # 3, 8, 14, 24

Lingual surface of # 19, 30

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6
Q

how are DI-S AND CI-S scores calculated?

A

by totaling the debris score of each surface and dividing by the number of surfaces examined

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7
Q

what does the plaque index (Pli) assess?

A

assesses the amount of plaque at the gingival margin, examining the same anatomical units as the GI

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8
Q

plaque index scores range from ____ to ____

A

0 to 3

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9
Q

A probe is used to distinguish between plaque scores of ____ to _____. Visible plaque is scored a _____ or a _____

A

A probe is used to distinguish between scores 0 and 1. Visible plaque is scored a 2 or a 3

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10
Q

The Pl-I (plaque index) is computed for what 3 categories?

A

for a:
tooth (4 surfaces)

subject

or population

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11
Q

T/F: Plaque Index ignores coronal extent of plaque on the tooth surface area and assesses only the thickness of plaque at the gingival area of the tooth.

A

true

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12
Q

the plaque index was developed as a component to parallel what other measurement technique?

A

the gingival index (GI)

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13
Q

T/F: the Pl-I is not usually used in longitudinal studies and clinical trials

A

FALSE:

It is generally used in longitudinal studies and clinical trials

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14
Q

In 1962 Quigley and Hein reported a plaque measurement that focused on the _______ third of the tooth surface

A

gingival

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15
Q

what would a score of 2 on the Turesky Modified Pl-I? a score of 3?

A

score of 2: Thin, continuous band of plaque, 1 mm wide, at cervical margin

score of 3: A plaque band >1 mm but <1/3 of crown height

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16
Q

what is the highest score possible on the Turesky Modified Plaque index? what does this signify?

A

a Score of 5

Plaque covering at least 2/3 of crown height

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17
Q

Plaque is made visible using a disclosing agent in what plaque index system?

A

O’Leary Index

gives the % of teeth with plaque

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18
Q

T/F: the quigley-hein Pl-I is the most frequently used plaque index in clinical trials

A

true

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19
Q

what are the 3 index systems used to assess calculus?

A

Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S)

Probe Method (Volpe-Manhold)

NIDR Calculus Index

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20
Q

how is the NIDR Calculus Index scored?

A

a score of 0: no calculus

score of 1: Supragingival calculus

score of 2: Supragingival and subgingival, or subgingival calculus only is present

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21
Q

the ____________ index determines the quantity of supragingival calculus

A

Volpe-Manhold Index

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22
Q

what tooth surfaces are used for the Volpe-Manhold Index?

A

Lingual surfaces of lower anteriors (#22-27)

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23
Q

which calculus index is the Most frequently used calculus index in longitudinal studies?

A

Volpe-Manhold Index

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24
Q

how is the Quantity of calculus determined in the Volpe-manhold index?

A

determined in mm of calculus along the 2 diagonal and the central lines drawn over the lingual surface of each tooth

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25
Q

what is the “background” theory of the Papillary-Marginal-Attachment (PMA)-Index?

A

The number of units affected correlates with the severity of gingival inflammation

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26
Q

in the PMA index, the Facial gingival surface is divided into _____ scoring units

A

divided in 3 scoring units: P - M - A

papillary, marginal, attachment

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27
Q

______ units affected with gingivitis are counted in the PMA index

A

gingival

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28
Q

T/F: Severity component can be considered when conducting a PMA index

A

true

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29
Q

how is the Gingival Index (GI) assessed?

A

The severity of inflammation is assessed in 4 distinct gingival areas: distofacial papilla, facial margin, mesiofacial papilla, lingual gingival margin

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30
Q

how is the GI (gingival index) scored?

A

0 to 3; bleeding is considered. Presence of bleeding automatically leads to a score ≥2

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31
Q

what is the GI (gingival index) useful for?

A

Useful for the calculation of prevalence and severity of gingivitis in population and individual

32
Q

T/F: the Gingival index can be used to determine the prevalence and severity of gingivitis in epidemiologic surveys, but cannot be used as an evaluation of individual dentition

A

FALSE

can be used for both

33
Q

while the original gingival index is scored from 0 to 3, the modified GI is scored in what increments?

A

from 0 to 4

34
Q

what is the difference between a score of 1 and 2 on the modified Gingival index?

A

1 = Mild inflammation in a Portion of unit

2 = Mild inflammation in the Entire unit

35
Q

what differentiates between moderate and severe inflammation in the modified GI?

A

Bleeding, congestion, or ulceration

if any of the 3 are present, you have severe

36
Q

T/F: The bleeding tendency in a BOP exam is assessed upon probing a periodontal pocket using standardized pressure

A

true

37
Q

where is the periodontal probe inserted during a BOP exam?

A

Periodontal probe is inserted to the bottom of the periodontal pocket. Bleeding is observed 15 seconds following retraction of probe.

38
Q

B-o-P is a valid indicator for periodontal stability. However, it is a poor indicator of what?

A

poor indicator of periodontal breakdown.

39
Q

why is bleeding upon probing a preferred diagnostic observation?

A

the use of gingival bleeding indices is desirable because bleeding is a more objective indicator than early gingival color changes and because it provides evidence of recent plaque exposure

40
Q

attachment level (mm) =

A

probing depth (mm) + recession (mm)

41
Q

in the Extent and severity index, Disease is defined as what?

A

attachment loss >1mm

42
Q

what is meant by the “extent” in a ESI index?

A

the proportion of tooth sites in a patient showing signs of destructive periodontitis

43
Q

what is meant by the “severity” in a ESI index?

A

Amount of attachment loss at the diseased sites, expressed as a mean value

44
Q

the ESI is based on probe measurements at _____ sites in one maxillary quadrant, and _____ in the contralateral mandibular quadrant

A

14

45
Q

Unlike other periodontal disease indeces, ESI describes the ________ of disease.

A

distribution

46
Q

what are the scores of The Periodontal Index System (PI)? what do they correlate with?

A

Score 0: Negative.

Score 1, 2: Gingivitis

Score 6: Gingivitis with pocket formation

Score 8: Advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function

47
Q

during the PI exam, All teeth are examined. The circumference of each tooth is inspected _______, and given a score

A

visually

48
Q

Crevicular measurements, and Periodontal Disease Index are both examined in what index system?

A

The Periodontal Disease Index System

49
Q

for a given tooth, The __________ score is tabulated and used for the calculation of the subject’s PDI

A

most severe (of the 4 measurements taken)

50
Q

why was the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) created?

A

Primarily designed to assess periodontal treatment needs in under served parts of the world

51
Q

how are the teeth examined in the CPITN?

A

10 index teeth are examined and worst finding is recorded per sextant

52
Q

how many scores are there for the CPITN? how many treatment categories?

A

4 categories/levels for each

53
Q

what is the purpose of the Periodontal Screening & Recording® (PSR)

A

rapid and effective way to screen patients for periodontal diseases and summarizes necessary information with minimum documentation.

54
Q

T/F: The ADA and the AAP support the use of PSR® by dentists as a part of oral examinations.

A

true

55
Q

how many PSR “codes” are there?

A

5 codes (from 0 to 4)

56
Q

a PSR exam is broken down into ____ areas

A

6

its a sextant exam

57
Q

what are the benefits of a PSR screening?

A

Early detection

speed

simplicity

cost-effectiveness

recording ease

risk management

58
Q

PSR® is a screening system designed to _______ periodontal diseases

A

detect

59
Q

t/f: the PSR is not intended to replace a comprehensive periodontal examination when indicated.

A

true

60
Q

Patients who have been treated for periodontal diseases and are in a maintenance phase of therapy require periodic __________ periodontal examinations.

A

comprehensive

61
Q

what are the potential problems (examiners bias) associated with perio exams?

A

halo effect

Leniency/Severity Error

Central Tendency Error

62
Q

what does “calibration” involve during perio indices?

A

Several examiners at different experience levels

Subjects with various disease extend and severity

Follow-up appointments

63
Q

what is the main goal of “calibration” when conducting perio exams?

A

Main goal is to determine inter/intra-examiner variations

64
Q

what is sensitivity?

A

The probability that a test result will be positive when the test is administered to people who actually have the disease in question

65
Q

what is specificity?

A

The probability that a test will be negative when administered to people who are free of the disease in question

66
Q

________ is the probability of disease in a subject with a positive test result

A

Predictive Value Positive (PVP)

67
Q

_______ is the probability of not having the disease when the test is negative

A

Predictive Value Negative (PVN)

68
Q

what does the O’Leary Plaque Index measure?

A

the percentage of tooth surfaces positive for plaque

69
Q

how is the periodontal disease index system scored?

A

Score 1, 2, 3: Severity of gingivitis

Score 4: Initial attachment loss ( 3 mm and
6 mm)

70
Q

what is the main goal of “calibration” during perio exams?

A

Main goal is to determine inter/intra-examiner variations

71
Q

what does a score of 1 on the PSR system indicate?

A
  • colored portion of probe is completely visible
  • NO calculus or margin defects present
  • Bleeding after probing
72
Q

what does a score of 2 on the PSR system indicate?

A
  • colored area of the probe remains completely visible

- Supragingival or subgingival calculus and/or defective margins are detected

73
Q

what does a score of 3 on the PSR system indicate?

A

The colored area of the probe is PARTIALLY covered by the margin of the pocket

74
Q

what does a score of 4 on the PSR system indicate?

A

The colored area of the probe completely disappears indicating a probing depth of greater than 5.5 mm

75
Q

During a PSR exam, If two or more sextants score a Code ________, a comprehensive full mouth examination and charting are indicated

A

three

76
Q

if a code of ______ is found in a PSR exam, It can be assumed that complex treatment will be required

A

4

perio exam 2 (11 decks)

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