chronic periodontitis Flashcards
T/F: chronic periodontitis is most prevalent in adults, but may be seen in children
true
in chronic perio, Tissue destruction is commensurate with what?
oral hygiene & plaque levels and local/systemic factors
T/F: Specific subgingival species are found in all patients suffering from chronic periodontitis
false
individual species vary among individuals
Subgingival ________ is invariably present at disease sites
calculus
the rate of progression of chronic periodontitis is _____ to _______
slow to moderate
what determines pathogenesis and progression of chronic perio?
Host factors
what type of pain is associated with chronic periodontitis?
*Mostly painless
Localized dull pain
Gingival tenderness, ‘itching’ gums
what are the symptoms of chronic periodontitis?
Loose teeth Food impaction Drifted teeth/ increased spacing Root sensitivity Bleeding gums
localized chronic periodontitis occurs at _____% of sites, while generalized will occur at ______%
localized- ≤30% of sites
generalized- >30% of sites
what is the difference between slight, moderate and severe chronic perio?
Slight: 1-2 mm of attachment loss
moderate: 3-4 mm of loss
severe: 5 mm or more
what is the “typical diagnosis” of chronic perio?
Generalized slight with localized moderate chronic periodontitis
T/F: most cases of chronic periodontitis can be seen by a visual examination
FALSE
probing must be used to determine attachment loss
what % of the population is at high risk for chronic perio? low risk?
10% of population is at high risk
10% is at low risk
(most people fall somewhere in between)
what 2 risk factors can be modified with intervention?
Smoking
Diabetes
what is a risk determinant? give an example of one
Risk determinant: non-modifiable factors
age
gender
what is a risk indicator? name them.
putative risk factors that have been identified in cross sectional studies but not confirmed longitudinally
HIV/AIDS
Osteoporosis
Infrequent dental visits
what are Risk markers/predictors? give examples.
a characteristic associated with elevated risk for disease but may not be part of the causal chain
Furcation involvement
Calculus
History of attachment loss
_________ _______ induces gingivitis, but host response determines if Chronic periodontitis will develop
bacterial plaque
what did the chinese studies find about the relation between gingivitis and CP?
gingival inflammation a risk for Attachment Loss at any site
what did the norwegian studies find about the relation between gingivitis and CP?
tooth loss greater in sites with baseline severe gingival inflammation
approximately _____% of americans are affected by ADVANCED periodontal disease (according to the NIDR study)
13%
_____% of US population has periodontitis. how many people is this?
> 47%
over 65 million people
what % of the population has mild periodontitis? moderate? severe? (according to the NHANES study)
8.7% mild periodontitis
30% moderate periodontitis
8.5 % severe periodontitis
T/F: 64% of adults over 65 years old had either moderate or severe periodontitis
true
what population groups are at the highest risk for periodontitis?
Prevalence highest in:
men
Mexican Americans
adults with less than a high school education
adults below 100% Federal Poverty Levels
current smokers.
_________ Periodontitis is the 6th most prevalent disease in the world
severe
what is a “cal” equal to?
probing depth + gingival recession
what recordings are taken in the diagnosis of periodontitis?
Probing Depth Gingival Recession CAL BOP (expressed as % of total sites available) Furcation involvement Mobility Fremitus Bone defects
what type of bone defects are relevant to the diagnosis of periodontitis?
Horizontal vs. vertical
1-wall, 2-wall, 3-wall bony defects.
what are the goals of therapy for periodontitis?
Eliminate etiology
Eliminate or reduce risk factors
Prevent recurrence
name the steps involved in initial periodontal therapy:
Removal of both sub and supragingival plaque
Adequate oral hygiene
Remove local and systemic risk factors
what is the “rationale” for periodontal treatment? (AKA how do we know it works?)
Periodontal treatment of CP is effective (<0.1 tooth loss/year)
Non-compliant patients had double the rate of tooth loss (0.2 teeth/year)
Untreated patients lost approximately 0.6 teeth/year
what causes the reduction in probing depths after INITIAL perio therapy?
gingival recession
gain of clinical attachment
pocket shrinkage
T/F: after initial therapy, sites with initially shallow pockets tend to lose CAL (possible trauma)
true
when would a patient be at a greater risk for additional attachment loss as a result of therapy?
if presenting multiple sites with residual probing depth >6 mm after active treatment
T/F: it is possible to maintain a 6mm pocket during periodontitis therapy if the proper precautions are taken
FALSE
You cannot maintain 6 mm pockets- surgical therapy recommended
