PLANTS, STRUCTURE AND CELLS.

Question 1

CHITIN AND CELLULOSE MOLECULES, COMPARE AND CONTRAST, THE STRUCTURE.

Answer 1

EVERY OTHER, ALTERNATE, MONOMER IS INVERTED.

BOTH HAVE GLYCOSIDIC BONDS.

THE MONOMERS OF CHITIN HAVE EIGHT,8, CARBON,C, ATOMS. WHEREAS, IN CELLULOSE THERE ARE SIX,6, CARBON,C, ATOMS.

CHITIN HAS AN ADDITIONAL SIDE CHAIN.
CHITIN MOLECULES, CONTAIN NITROGEN, WHEREAS CELLULOSE DOES NOT.

Question 2

BONDS THAT HOLD CELLULOSE CHAINS TOGETHER, IN A MICROFIBRIL.

Answer 2

HYDROGEN,H, BONDS.
A BOND BETWEEN THE OXYGEN,O, OF AN OH GROUP AND AN ADJACENT HYDROGEN.

Question 3

CELLULOSE V.S AMYLOPECTIN.

Answer 3

BOTH POLYSACCHARIDES, POLYMERS OF GLUCOSE.
BOTH CONTAIN 1,4- GLYCOSIDUC BONDS.

CELLULOSE, MADE FROM MONOMERS OF BETA GLUCOSE.

AMYLOPECTIN, MADE FROM MONOMERS OF ALPHA GLUCOSE.

BOTH MONOMERS ARE JOINED TOGETHER BY GLYCOSIDIC BONS. HOWEVER IN CELLULOSE THERE ARE 1,4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS, AND 1,6 AND 1,4 GLYCOSIDIC BONDS IN AMYLOPECTIN.

ALTERNATE MOLECULES, ARE INVERTED IN CELLULOSE.

CELLULOSE IS NOT BRANCHED, AND IS A STRAIGHT CHAIN.

AMYLOPECTIN, IS BOTH COILED AND BRANCHED.

Question 4

EXPLAIN WHY THE SEEDLING, NEEDS A SUPPLY OF MAGNESIUM IONS.

Answer 4

MAGNESIUM, IS NEEDED TO MAKE CHLOROPHYLL.
BECAUSE CHLOROPHYLL IS REQUIRED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
BECAUSE SHOOTS NEED CHLOROPHYLL, TO CARRY OUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO GROW.

Question 5

mm TO um, CONVERSION.

Answer 5

mm TO um,
X 1000.
35mm.=35000um.

cm TO um,
X 10000.
3.5cm.=35000um.

Question 6

LIGNIN, CELL WALL AFFECT.

Answer 6

STRENGTH AND WATERPROOFING.

Question 7

NAME A PLNAT TISSUE, THAT HAS LIGNIN IN ITS CELL WALLS.

Answer 7

XYLEM.
SCLERENCHYMA.

Question 8

EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF THE MIDDLE LAMELLA, WHEN A PLANT CELL COMPLETES MITOSIS.

Answer 8

PRODUCED BETWEEN ADJACENT, NEW CELLS IN CELL PLATE.
BECAUSE THE MIDDLE LAMELLA HOLDS CELL WALLS TOGETHER.

Question 9

WHY DOES THE SIEVE TUBE, NOT REQUIRE, ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ANBD RIBOSOMES?

Answer 9

THERE WILL BE NO TRANSCRIPTION, THEREFORE RIBOSOMES NOT REQUIRED FOR TRANSLATION.

NO PROTIENS, WILL BE SYTHESISED, TO BE PROCESSED IN ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

Question 10

STARCH.

Answer 10

STARCH, IS A POLYSACCHARIDE MADE FROM ALPHA GLUCOSE.
MONOMERS IN THE CHAINS, ARE JOINED BY 1,4-GLYCOSIDIC BONDS.
STARCH CONTAISN, UNBRANCHED CHAINS OF AMYLOSE, AND BRANCHED CHAINS OF AMYLOPECTIN.
BRANCHES ARE JOINED BY 1,6-GLYCOSIDIC BONDS.

STARCH IS INSOLUBLE, SO IT HAS NO OSMOTIC AFFECT.
AMYLOSE IS COILED, MAKING STARCH COMPACT. SO MORE CAN BE STORED.
AMYLOPECTINE IS BRANCHED, CONTAIN 1-6, GLYCOSIDIC BONDS, SO IT CAN BE RAPIDLY HYDROLYSED INTO ITS MONOMERS, OF GLUCOSE.
GLUCOSE, USED IN RESPIRATION.

Question 11

STARCH, BENEFITS WITH REGARDS TO SUSTAINABILITY.

Answer 11

STARCH, COMES FROM PLANTS, THAT CAN BE REGROWN.

Question 12

STARCH BREAKDOWN.

Answer 12

STARCH, MUST BE BROKEN DOWN BEFORE IT CAN BE USED, BY THE CELLS OF A GROWING PLANT.

TO PRODUCE GLUCOSE./.=MALTOSE.
WHICH IS SOLUBLE,
TRANSPORTED,
ENTERS CELLS EASILY,
USED IN RESPIRATION.

Question 13

PLASMODESMATA, STRUCTURE.

Answer 13

THE CELL WALL HAS ONLY ONE LAYER.
ONLY PRIMARY CELL WALL PRESENT.
A STRAND OF THE CYTOPLASM.

Question 14

TENSILE STRENGTH.

Answer 14

THE PULLING FORCE, THE FIBRE CAN WITHSTAND BEFORE BREAKING.

Question 15

DESCRIBE, THE POSITION IN THE STEM OF THOSE TISSUES THAT CONTAIN LIGNIN.

Answer 15

SCLERENCHYMA FIBRES, ON THE OUTER SIDE, OF THE VASCULAR BUNDLE./.=THE PHLOEM.

XYLEM VESSELS, ON THE INNBER SIDE./.=INSIDE, OF THE VASCULAR BUNDLE.

Question 16

MAGNESIUM IONS, THE PRODUCTION OF PLANT FIBRES.

Answer 16

MAGNESIUM, IS ESSENTIAL TO PRODUCE CHLOROPHYLL.
CHLOROPHYLL, IS NECESSARY TO PRODUCE GLUCOSE DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
GLUCOSE NEEDED TO PRODUCE CELLULOSE FOR THE CELL WALLS.