Plants Flashcards
The root
Anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and stores food made in the leaves
The stem
Supports the leaves and flowers and allows for the transport of materials up and down the plant.
The leaf
Makes food, loses water vapour, and exchanges the gases carbon dioxide and oxygen with the air.
The flower is for
Reproduction, it firms the seeds.
Plants are identified
By their flowers and leaves
Photosynthesis
Is the process by which green plants make food
Chlorophyll
Is the green chemical needed for photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll is found in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Photosynthesis is carried out
In all the green (chlorophyll containing) parts of the plant- especially the leaves
Chlorophyll traps lights energy
And uses it to combine carbon dioxide and water, to form glucose and oxygen
Phloem
Glucose travels around the plant in special cells called phloem
Stomata
Tiny pores on leaves surface are called stomata
Word equation for photosynthesis
Light
Carbon dioxide+water —> Glucose+oxygen
Chlorophyll
Water is absorbed
Through the roots of a pant
Xylem vessels
Water and minerals move up through the plant in th xylem vessels
Transpiration
Is the loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant
Transpiration stream
The flow of water through a plant is called the transpiration steam
Phloem
Food is transported from the leaves to the rest of the plant in the phloem
Tropism
Is the growth of a plant in response to a stimulus
Phototropism
Is a pants growth response to light. Plant stems grow towards the light, allowing their leaves to get light
Geotropism
Is a plants growth response to gravity. Plant roots grow towards the source of gravity, allowing them to get water.
Plants reproduce sexually
By means of flowers
Petals are coloured and scented
To attract insects
The sepal
Protects the flowers before it blooms
The male part, or stamen
Consists of the anther and filament
The female part or carpel
Consists of the stigma, style and ovary
Pollen
Is made in the anther of the stamen
The egg
Is made in the ovary of the carpel
Reproduction involves 5 stages
- pollination
- fertilisation
- seed and fruit formation
- seed dispersal
- germination
Pollination
Is the transfer of pollen from another to stigma
Plants are pollinated by either
Insects or wind
Fertilisation
Is the fusion of the pollen nucleus with the egg nucleus to form a zygote
A seed
Is a fertilised ovule
The ovary wall
Becomes the fruit
Seeds are dispersed
To avoid competition
Seeds are dispersed by
Animals, wind, self-dispersal, or water
Animal dispersal
The bird disperses the seeds
Wind dispersal
Of dandelion seeds
Self dispersal
Pea pots explode
Water dispersal
Seeds float away
Germination
Is the growth of a seed into a new plant
Seed germination
Is necessary to form a new plant
Water, oxygen and heat are
Needed for germination
geranium
Can reproduce asexually by using leaf cuttings
Other examples of asexual reproduction include;
Tulip and daffodil bulbs, strawberry runners
Shoot consists
Of the stem, leaves, buds and flowers
