Plants Flashcards
Angiosperm
A plant that has flowers and produces seeds protected by a corpel
Examples: roses, orchids, hydrangea
Gymnosperm
A plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or a fruit
Examples: conifers, cycads, gnetophytes
Spremophtes
Seed plants
Use seeds to reproduce
Dandelion
Pteridophytes
Non- seed plants
Do not use seeds to reproduce
Tracheophytes
Vascular plants
Have special tissue that moves water and other things through plants
Bryophytes
Nonvascular plants
Don’t have vascular connections, so they have to get their water from the environment directly
What are rhizoids
Help Moss stick
Parenchyma ( ground cell)
Thin flexible cell wall
Bug vacuoles
Found in watery foods like alovera, watermelon etc.
The only cells that engage in mitosis
Filled with chloroplasts called chlorenchyma
Functions
thin flexible cell wall large vacules
• alot of types of Cells, found in all plant cells
Cells only cells engage in mitosis
Filled with Chloroplasts Called Chlorenchyma
Suited for gas exhange,light, water and
Metabolizes .
Collenchyma
Thickens cell walls
sometimes unevenly thick
Provide support and elasastcity in stems and leaves during rapid growth
Example, celery
Sclerenchyma
Thick secondary cell wall
Function is to support
Dead at maturity
Found in shells of nuts and spines of cactus
Meristems
Only ground cells that can do do mitosis
There are two types
Apical meristems
Lateral meristems
Apical Meristems
Up and down
Place of roots and tips
Roots and shoot system form in the seeds of the plants
When the seed gets germinated the cell in the April’s meristems divide and elongate
Lateral Meristems
Side to side
Meristems at located other than roots and shoot tips
Make complete or incomplete sylinder of tissue in roots and stems
Causes rings to grow
Growth is diameter
Xylem
Vessel that Carrie’s water form the roots to the leaves for photosynthesis to happen
Phloem
Vessel that transports nutrients form the leaves to the roots ex glucose that it gets form photosynthesis
Sive Tubes
Vertical stacked cells with to walls no nucleus
Only allows water and food minerals through the plant
Cuticle
Waxy outer surface
Stomata
Lower surface of Leaf has small holes to let air and water Vapor to go in and out located at the lower epidermis only
Guard cells
are two bean shape cells that control the opening or closing of stomata
Trichomes
Hairs that are on the upper part of plants
Herbaceous
They are stems of annual plants, the plants usually don’t leave more then one year.
Woody stem
Is for example trees they increase in diameter each year because of the xylem cells, the ones that die also create wood
Annual and perennial plants
Annual plants plants that live up to one year.
Perennial plants that’s grow and reproduce for many years
The opening and closing of the Stamota is regulated by levels of what
Levels of carbon dioxide and levels of water
What the difference between palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll
palisade mesophyll has tightly packed cells that are rich in chloroplasts and are responsible for photosynthesis,
spongy mesophyll have loosely packed cells with air spaces that help gas exchange occur more efficiently
What is the difference between Monocots and in stems dicots
Monocots vessel bundels are scattered while the dicots are aranged in a ring
Parenchyma
How does mitosis in the vascular cambium of woody stems make it increase in diameter
Mitosis and vascular cambium produces new layers of xylem and phleom, which increases the diameter of the stem
What are two types of roots and advantages of each with example
Taproots have a single large route that goes deep into the soil, providing strong Anchorage in deep water sources. An example is Carrots
Febres roots have many small roots that spread out underneath the surface of the soil making it have a large surface area for absorption. Example is gases.
Pants with seeds are called what?
Spermophites
explain Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Gymnosperms are seeds that are not protected by a ovary or corpal an a angiosperm is protected.
what are 2 issuies with plants that later resolved for with adaptation that solved these issuies
Drying out and rotting,——– waxy cuticule
Not enough stuructural support——– developed celll walls
what are the cells region of the leaves does photosythesis take place
Mesophyll cells
what does the Stomata breath in and out
Breathes in CO2 and Out O2
2 types of stems and how are they diffrent
Herboacous stems are soft, green and flexible ex. Tomatos
Woody stems are hard rigid ex oak wood
Give 3 examples of Monocotas and Diocots
Auxins
Presents from going rider so long, Asian suppression of lateral but growth delays fruit ripening delays leave sensence
Auxins
Promote cell elongations
Prevents it from growing wider
Cytokinins
Synthetic
Promotes mitosis
Promotes growth of lateral buds
Wider growth
Gibberellins
Stimulate cell elongation
Breaks seed dormancy
Can delay senescence in leaves and citrus fruits
3 things that stimulate hormone action in plants
1 place
2 time
3 amount
Ethylene
Gas hormone
Makes fruit ripen faster
Abscisic acid
Stimulates stomata to close
Makes the shoot grow
Makes it dormant and induces it
What are tropisms
Plants that respond to external stimuli
What types of stimulus can cause phototropism
Light ( sunlight causing it to growing towards the Sun so it’s
Gravitropism is what
The growth response to gravity since my special cells in caps along with length of stems these cells have dance organelles, called Amy low, plus that seek the widest side of a cell sink there and make the direction go down to release auxins, which makes it an uneven sell elongation with the gravity .
