Internal systems Flashcards
What is the function of blood
- transports nutrients
- transports oxygen
-transports wastes - ability to quickly clot to prevent excessive loss
What components does blood use for bloods functions ?
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Capillaries
Very small and that makes them reach places they need to be like branches. Blood moves slowly through then with low pressure
Vein
Carry the low pressure blood back to the heart using valves to ensure blood flows in the the correct direction
Arteries
Carry high pressure blood away from the heart tissue that need it
Vasoconstriction
Narrowing of the blood vessels, the smooth muscle cells in the vessel walls narrow causing a smaller diameter
Vasodilatation
Widening or relaxing of blood vessels, the smooth muscle cells in the vessels relax, causing a bigger diameter
What’s the next place blood would go after being in the pulmonary vein?
Left atrium
What is the blood type of the universal donor
O
What is the scientific name for a red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
Blood vessels that join capillaries and veins are
Venules
Name for when ventricles are contracted is
Systole
Name the node that is the heart pacemaker
Sinoatrial node
Largest length organ, that is a reservoir of blood
The spleen
What is a blood vessel That is one Cell thick?
Capillaries
What is the normal blood pressure for a healthy adult?
120/80 mmhg
Explain hypertension
-High blood pressure
-Pressure pushed on the artery walls
-Can cause a week or even rupture. They arteries, if it is extended to a very high blood pressure and can lead to a heart attack.
Explain hypotension 90/60mmHg
-Low blood pressure
-Reduces capacity to transport blood
-It’s often due to excessive of the blood loss and can lead to shock
What is the blood type universal excepter
AB
EKG readings: what does the P wave mean? (First wave)
- SA mode depolarizers ( it has a fast rise of energy )
- contraction of atria
- blood moves from atria to places in the body
EKG readings: QRS wave complex( second wave)
- Depolarization ( gets energy) of AV node
- contraction of ventricals
- blood enters from ventricals to the rest of the body
- repolarization ( wave calming down losing energy)of SA node
EKG reading: T wave
T wave (last wave)
- repolarization( loses energy) of AV node
- heart is at rest
- blood moves back to atria
What is a 90mV difference called?
Resting potential
The change in cell potential from negative to positive and back a voltage pulse is called ? such as increased permeability of sodium that causes change
Action potential
An EKG is recorded based on the hearts what ?
Electrical activity called électrocardiogram
A group of cells is called a pacemaker also known as
Sinoatrial mode or SA node
Anther group of cells in the right atria is called what and what do they do ?
AV node or atroventricular
They conduct fibers called Bundle of His.
What are Purkinje fibers
Muscle fibres give energy ( depolarization) to all parts of the ventricles 
What is an EKG ?
Shows the electrical signals if the heart from the surface of the body. This is to see if the heart has a regular beat
How can other animals breath ?
- Gills ( fish )
- outer skin( worms )
Where does oxygen come from
Cellular respiration
Steps of respiratory system
Ventilation movement of air in and out of the lungs, inhalation and exhalation
Gas exchange: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the blood in the alveoli and replacing tissues through the diffusion
Cell respiration production of ATP
Air around us is what and how much
21% oxygen
0.029% carbon dioxide
75% nitrogen
What helps us breath
Brain, diaphragm and rib muscles
What makes the lub sound
Comes from the aortic, tricuspid and Mitra valves closing
Where does the Dub come from
From the semilunar valves closing
Relaxation of the heart is called ?
Diastole
The contraction of the heart is called what?
Systole
What are WBC called
Leukocytes and lymphocytes
What are RBC called
Erythrocytes
How many times does the heart contract in a minute
70-80 times per minute
What are the human subsystems
Pulmonary subsystem
Systematic subsystem
Cardiac subsystem
What does the pulmonary subsystem do ?
Gas exchange
Interconnects with the systematic subsystem
What does the systematic subsystem do ?
All the capillaries, arteries, veins, venules in our artoliols
What does the Pancreas do
Creates pancreatic juices that also break down fats plays a big role in regulating sugar levels in the body
What does the liver do?
It cleans the toxins out of the blood and break down, nutrients and store, or release sugars, starches, fats, vitamins, and minerals
What does the gallbladder do?
Store bile to help break down fats in the small intestine
What is the first section of the small intestine called?
Duodenum
What is the lining of the small intestine covered with?
VILLI. Finger like structures that soak digested food into the bloodstream
How long is the small intestine?
 20 feet long
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are special proteins that speed up a chemical reaction
What is pepsin?
A protein digesting enzyme made by the stomach
What is Amylase?
An enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates example. The saliva in your mouth has Amylase
The main fat digesting enzyme
Lipase
