Evolution Of Species Flashcards
What are Homologous structures?
Similar structure, different function and come from an ancestor
What are Analogous structures?
Different species with Different structures but similar functions
What is Evolution change
The change of genes in a population overtime
What does natural selection act on?
It acts on variation, it does not create it
What does natural selection result in the species?
Becoming better adapted to their environment
Natural selection can do what?
Cause mutation over a period of time that can lead to a new species
Evolution change means?
The change of genes in a population overtime
Are mutations always helpful?
They usually are helpful because they help us adapt to our environment
Where do mutations come from?
Radiation, Chemicals
Adaptation is the ability to?
Change and adapt to changed in their environment
What are the limiting factors
Food
Water
Shelter
Stimuli
Anything that causes a response
Autotrophs
Organisms that can make their own nutrients
Heterotrophs
Organisms that cannot make their own nutrients
Symbiosis
Any type of interaction between two different species
Mutilim
When 2 organisms benefit each other
Parasitiom
One benefits and the other one gets harmed (ex, ticks )
Commensalism
Between organisms that don’t harm the other ( sharks and remora fish)
Saprophytic (decomposers)
Feed on the dead and decaying matter
Taxonomy
Science of identity and classifying all organisms
Phylogeny
The study of the evolutionary relationships between and among species
Prokaryote
Organisms that have no nuclear or any other membrane
DNA is found in cytoplasm
Eukaryote
A cell that has a nucleus that includes the DNA inside, they are more complex them prokaryotic cells
Reproductive isolation
Something that prevents 2 populations from interbreeding when they live in the same region
Geographic isolation
When populations are separated by geographic barriers
Temporal isolation
Two populations reproduce at different times
Speciation
Is a process. Can happen because of natural selection from a heritable traits overtime
What are the 3 domains of life and what are there characteristics
Bacteria: single celled, prokaryotic, vital in cycling nutrients, gets energy by photosynthesis and reproduce asexually
Archaea: single celled, prokaryotic, live in soils, oceans, human colon and extreme environments like salty,acidic or high temperatures they also reproduce asexually by splitting
Eukarya: are organisms that contain that a nucleus, protists, animals, plants and fungi
What are the the things under Eukarya and explain there characteristics
Protists: unicellular, eukaryotic organisms they get energy form dunglihby and can reproduire sexually or asexually examples are Omeaba, algae etc
Plants:multicellular,eukaryotic, get energy from photosynthesis which accours in the chloroplast. the cell walls are made out of cellulous, can reproduce sexually or asexually examples of plants flowering plants etc
Fungi: multicellular, Eukaryotic, cell wall made of chitin, essential in decomposition, often form symbiotic relations with other organisms, asexual or sexual reproduction, important in wine making examples can be mushrooms, mold or yeast
Animalia: multicellular, hetrophic, Asexual or sexual reproduction,contain protons collagen, invertebrates for 97% of species
Examples are worms, jellyfish birds,insects amphibians etc
