Genetics

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

A type of cell division l where the daughter cell gets the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

Two stage cell division, in which the chromosome number of the parental cell (46) is reduced by half(23). meiosis is the process by which gametes are formed

Question 3

Cytokinesis

Answer 3

The division of the cytoplasm

Question 4

Chromatin

Answer 4

During interphase, the genetic material is called chromatin, its tangled Fibrous complex of DNA and protein within a eukaryotic nucleus

Question 5

Sister chromatids

Answer 5

A chromosome, and its duplicate attached to one another by a central metre

Question 6

Gametogenesis

Answer 6

The formation of gametes and animals

Question 7

Synopsis

Answer 7

The pairing of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 8

Paired chromosomes that have similar shape, size and gene arrangement /information

Question 9

Crossing over

Answer 9

The exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes

Question 10

Tetrad

Answer 10

A pair of homologous chromosomes with two chromatids

Question 11

Gametes

Answer 11

Sex cells
Sperm and ovum

Question 12

Haploid

Answer 12

The number of chromosomes in a gamete

Question 13

Diploid

Answer 13

Twice the number of chromosomes in a gamete, every cell of the body with exception of sex cells, contains a diploid chromosome number

Question 14

Ootid

Answer 14

An unfertilized ovum

Question 15

Oocytes

Answer 15

Immature eggs

Question 16

What are the stages of meiosis?

Answer 16

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 17

Why is it necessary to do two rounds of cell division in meiosis?

Answer 17

Two bones of cell division are necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes by half making sure that the resulting MAs have the correct number of chromosomes. The first one separates the homologous chromosomes and then the second the sister chromatids, and this is also needed for increase genetic diversity.

Question 18

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 18

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 19

Structure of DNA

Answer 19

Double stranded helix for eukaryotes

Circular for prokaryotes

Arranged in chromasomes

Super coiling, let’s be tightly packed in the nucleus

And the twist makes it fit

Question 20

What is the center of the cell called ?

Answer 20

Equatorial plate

Question 21

Alleles

Answer 21

Different types of genes that are dominant and recessive. Capital letter is always dominant and lower case latter is always recessive

Question 22

Homozygous dominant

Answer 22

Would have 2 dominant allele

Question 23

Heterozygous means what

Answer 23

Has a dominant and recessive allele. Not the same

Question 24

Homozygous recessive

Answer 24

2 recessive alleles

Question 25

Law of dominance

Answer 25

A capital letter means that’s it’s the dominant one and if the dominant trait is with the recessive one it’s always going to be the dominant trait that wins

Question 26

Law of segregation

Answer 26

 When any person produces gametes the copies of a gene separate so that each gamete might receives only one copy

Question 27

What is segregation

Answer 27

When the homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles