Plants 1, 2, and 3 lab Flashcards
The second law of thermodynamics states that
energy conversions are not 100% efficient
The energy of sunlight is trapped by a plant pigment called
chlorophyll
Inorganic molecules are used to produce an organic molecule called
PGAL=phosphoglyceraldehyde
PGAL is
a three carbon molecule that a plant can convert into amino acids
Plants and animals use ___ for aerobic cellualr respiration
free oxygen gas released into the environment as a product of photosynthesis
phenol red is a pH indicator that turns ___ in an acid environment and __ in alkaline
yellow acidic
red alkaline
The volumeter will measure
the evolution of O2
The 1% sodium bicarbonate solution serves as
the source for carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis
Hill foudn that chloroplasts evolved O2 while
reducing the dye but did not evolve O2 if the dye was left out of the reaction medium
Taxonomy is classified in the following groups
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
KPCOFGS
What are angiosperms?
flowering plants divided into two classes: dicot and monocot
what are cotyledons?
embryonic leaves
Dicots contain ___ cotyledons in the embryo while monocots contain ___
dicots two monocots one
Describe the principle veins of the leaf branch in dicots v monocots
dicots: veins branch out from a midrib, form a distinct network
monocots: principal veins are parallel to each other
The flower parts of dicots are arranged in multiples of ___ as compared to monocots which are __
dicots: multiples of four or five
monocots: multiples of three
compare the root system of dicots v monocots
dicot: woody taproot with branch roots frowing from it
monocot: fibrous system without taproot, all roots about the same size
Compare the stems of dicots v monocots
dicots: vascular bundles in a single cylinder
monocots: complexly arranged in the pith tissue
Compare the cambium of dicots v monocots
dicots: new ring of wood each year added by cambium
monocots: don’t have one
compare axial buds to terminal
axial: structures with potential to form vegetative branches
terminal: actively differentiating and developing leaves, nodes, internodes
the dermal tissue type in plants is responsible for
protection and absorption
the vascular tissue system xylem in plants is responsible for
conducts water and dissolved solutes in unidirectional flow from roots to leaves
the vascular tissue system phloem is responsible for
a composite tissue which transports photosynthesis products to the rest of the plant
The cortex of the root is
the large region of ground tissue adjacent to the epidermis
The endodermis in the root system is responsible for
delineating the innermost boundary of the cortex
The stele in the root system is responsibel for
the ring of ground tissue that surrounds vascular tissue
The xylem is
the star-shaped bundle of large, hollow cells at the center of the stele
The pith is
a central mass of parenchyma cells in monocots
All of the cells between the upper and lower epidermis in leaves comprise of
the mesophyll
Stomata are responsible for what and located where?
epidermal layers in leaves
allow for gas exchange between mesophyll and external air
The shoot system comprises of
stem, leaves, buds, flowers
the root system comprises of
fibrous, taproot
Water potential consists of the two pressures:
osmotic pressure(solute concentration) and physical pressure within the cell
The walls of endodermal cells contain a waxy layer of the suberin called the
casparian strip
The casparian strip is responsible for
the wax seals off the apoplast route of entry into the stele
The only way to pass the casparian strip is
through the symplast of the endodermis
True or false: root pressure alone can generate enough force to raise water up the leaves of trees
false. root pressure is the upward push of fluid in the xylem. To reach higher than ten feet, plants rely on cohesive properties of water
Transpiration is defined as
the evaporative water loss from the aerial portion of a plant. The water is lost through stomata
Transpiration in plants can be demonstrated by
using a device known as a potometer
Guard cells play an important role in
conserving water by controlling the size of the stomata
Guard cells change size according to
changes of potassium ion concentration in the cytoplasm
The sporophyte produces…resulting in…
haploid cells by meiosis, resulting in multicellular haploid micro and mega spores, the gametophyte genration
The four kinds of floral organs that arise from meristematic tissues are: and are attached to the shoot/stem via..
sepals, petals, stamens, carpals
attached by the recpetacle
stamens and carpels are responsible for … while petals and sepals are …
stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs of the plant, male and female
petals and sepals are leaves used to attract pollinators and protect their reproductive structures
The ___ consists of an anther
stamen
the __ consists of an ovary
carpel
the carpels and stamens of flowers contain ____ which develop megasporocytes in the ovary and microsporocytes in the stamen
sporangia
The diploid cells of microsporocytes divide meiotically to form
haploid microspores
a microspore undergoes mitotic division to produce
a generative cell and a tube cell
the generative cell will produce ____ while the tube cell which encapsulates it will produce ___
two sperm
tube cell produces a pollen tube
fertilization occurs…
after the pollen grain is transported to the stigma either by wind or animal contact
The embryo and food supply of the lima bean are covered by a
seed coat
The hilium of the lima bean is
a layer of scar tissue along the axis which is a remnant of the point of attachment to ovule stalk
The region of the lima bean shoot below the point of attachment is called the
hypocotyl
The region above the point of the lime bean shoot is known as the
epicotyl
at the end of the epicotyl is the ____, the shoot tip with the first pair of foliage leaves
plummule
The seed of a monocot has ____ cotyledon
one
the scutellum is
a large, thin shield like structure within grasses that is a type of cotyledon
The tissue of the scutellum absorbs and transfers the energy stored in the ____ of a developing plant
endosperm
Tropisms are
movements produced by differential growth in response to external stimuli
