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Biol 102 lab and lec > Plants 1, 2, and 3 lab > Flashcards

Plants 1, 2, and 3 lab Flashcards

1
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that

A

energy conversions are not 100% efficient

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2
Q

The energy of sunlight is trapped by a plant pigment called

A

chlorophyll

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3
Q

Inorganic molecules are used to produce an organic molecule called

A

PGAL=phosphoglyceraldehyde

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4
Q

PGAL is

A

a three carbon molecule that a plant can convert into amino acids

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5
Q

Plants and animals use ___ for aerobic cellualr respiration

A

free oxygen gas released into the environment as a product of photosynthesis

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6
Q

phenol red is a pH indicator that turns ___ in an acid environment and __ in alkaline

A

yellow acidic
red alkaline

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7
Q

The volumeter will measure

A

the evolution of O2

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8
Q

The 1% sodium bicarbonate solution serves as

A

the source for carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis

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9
Q

Hill foudn that chloroplasts evolved O2 while

A

reducing the dye but did not evolve O2 if the dye was left out of the reaction medium

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10
Q

Taxonomy is classified in the following groups

A

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
KPCOFGS

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11
Q

What are angiosperms?

A

flowering plants divided into two classes: dicot and monocot

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12
Q

what are cotyledons?

A

embryonic leaves

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13
Q

Dicots contain ___ cotyledons in the embryo while monocots contain ___

A

dicots two monocots one

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14
Q

Describe the principle veins of the leaf branch in dicots v monocots

A

dicots: veins branch out from a midrib, form a distinct network

monocots: principal veins are parallel to each other

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15
Q

The flower parts of dicots are arranged in multiples of ___ as compared to monocots which are __

A

dicots: multiples of four or five

monocots: multiples of three

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16
Q

compare the root system of dicots v monocots

A

dicot: woody taproot with branch roots frowing from it

monocot: fibrous system without taproot, all roots about the same size

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17
Q

Compare the stems of dicots v monocots

A

dicots: vascular bundles in a single cylinder
monocots: complexly arranged in the pith tissue

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18
Q

Compare the cambium of dicots v monocots

A

dicots: new ring of wood each year added by cambium

monocots: don’t have one

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19
Q

compare axial buds to terminal

A

axial: structures with potential to form vegetative branches

terminal: actively differentiating and developing leaves, nodes, internodes

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20
Q

the dermal tissue type in plants is responsible for

A

protection and absorption

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21
Q

the vascular tissue system xylem in plants is responsible for

A

conducts water and dissolved solutes in unidirectional flow from roots to leaves

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22
Q

the vascular tissue system phloem is responsible for

A

a composite tissue which transports photosynthesis products to the rest of the plant

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23
Q

The cortex of the root is

A

the large region of ground tissue adjacent to the epidermis

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24
Q

The endodermis in the root system is responsible for

A

delineating the innermost boundary of the cortex

25
Q

The stele in the root system is responsibel for

A

the ring of ground tissue that surrounds vascular tissue

26
Q

The xylem is

A

the star-shaped bundle of large, hollow cells at the center of the stele

27
Q

The pith is

A

a central mass of parenchyma cells in monocots

28
Q

All of the cells between the upper and lower epidermis in leaves comprise of

A

the mesophyll

29
Q

Stomata are responsible for what and located where?

A

epidermal layers in leaves
allow for gas exchange between mesophyll and external air

30
Q

The shoot system comprises of

A

stem, leaves, buds, flowers

31
Q

the root system comprises of

A

fibrous, taproot

32
Q

Water potential consists of the two pressures:

A

osmotic pressure(solute concentration) and physical pressure within the cell

33
Q

The walls of endodermal cells contain a waxy layer of the suberin called the

A

casparian strip

34
Q

The casparian strip is responsible for

A

the wax seals off the apoplast route of entry into the stele

35
Q

The only way to pass the casparian strip is

A

through the symplast of the endodermis

36
Q

True or false: root pressure alone can generate enough force to raise water up the leaves of trees

A

false. root pressure is the upward push of fluid in the xylem. To reach higher than ten feet, plants rely on cohesive properties of water

37
Q

Transpiration is defined as

A

the evaporative water loss from the aerial portion of a plant. The water is lost through stomata

38
Q

Transpiration in plants can be demonstrated by

A

using a device known as a potometer

39
Q

Guard cells play an important role in

A

conserving water by controlling the size of the stomata

40
Q

Guard cells change size according to

A

changes of potassium ion concentration in the cytoplasm

41
Q

The sporophyte produces…resulting in…

A

haploid cells by meiosis, resulting in multicellular haploid micro and mega spores, the gametophyte genration

42
Q

The four kinds of floral organs that arise from meristematic tissues are: and are attached to the shoot/stem via..

A

sepals, petals, stamens, carpals
attached by the recpetacle

43
Q

stamens and carpels are responsible for … while petals and sepals are …

A

stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs of the plant, male and female

petals and sepals are leaves used to attract pollinators and protect their reproductive structures

44
Q

The ___ consists of an anther

A

stamen

45
Q

the __ consists of an ovary

A

carpel

46
Q

the carpels and stamens of flowers contain ____ which develop megasporocytes in the ovary and microsporocytes in the stamen

A

sporangia

47
Q

The diploid cells of microsporocytes divide meiotically to form

A

haploid microspores

48
Q

a microspore undergoes mitotic division to produce

A

a generative cell and a tube cell

49
Q

the generative cell will produce ____ while the tube cell which encapsulates it will produce ___

A

two sperm
tube cell produces a pollen tube

50
Q

fertilization occurs…

A

after the pollen grain is transported to the stigma either by wind or animal contact

51
Q

The embryo and food supply of the lima bean are covered by a

A

seed coat

52
Q

The hilium of the lima bean is

A

a layer of scar tissue along the axis which is a remnant of the point of attachment to ovule stalk

53
Q

The region of the lima bean shoot below the point of attachment is called the

A

hypocotyl

54
Q

The region above the point of the lime bean shoot is known as the

A

epicotyl

55
Q

at the end of the epicotyl is the ____, the shoot tip with the first pair of foliage leaves

A

plummule

56
Q

The seed of a monocot has ____ cotyledon

A

one

57
Q

the scutellum is

A

a large, thin shield like structure within grasses that is a type of cotyledon

58
Q

The tissue of the scutellum absorbs and transfers the energy stored in the ____ of a developing plant

A

endosperm

59
Q

Tropisms are

A

movements produced by differential growth in response to external stimuli

Biol 102 lab and lec (17 decks)

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