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Biol 102 lab and lec > Lab 5: vertebrate dissection part 2 > Flashcards

Lab 5: vertebrate dissection part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

After removing specimens from pail and opening internal cavities, you should

A

rinse

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2
Q

Blood is pumped away from the heart through vessels of decreasing diameter:

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries

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3
Q

Capillary walls are…

A

thin and porous

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4
Q

In capillaries, materials are ____ across the endothelium ___ into the interstitial fluid across a concentration gradient

A

actively transported
simply diffues

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5
Q

When the blood leaves capillaries, it travels through ____

A

venules and veins

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6
Q

Unlike vertebrates, birds and mammals posess a ____ chambered heart

A

four

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7
Q

The evolution of the four chambered heart is an adaptation brought about by

A

the high metabolic demands of warm-blooded animals (endotherms)

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8
Q

Endotherms expend roughly ___ times the amount of energy compared to ectotherms

A

ten

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9
Q

pulmonary circulation ____ while systemic ___

A

blood to the lungs
pumps blood to the rest of the body

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10
Q

describe overall scheme of pulmonary and systemic circuits

A

vena cava–right atrium–tricuspid–right ventricle–pulmonary valve–R and L pulmonary arteries–lungs–R and L pulmonary veins—left atrium—bicuspid valve—left ventricle—aortic valve–aorta

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11
Q

The___ is the largest artery in the mammalian body

A

aorta

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12
Q

Coronary arteries supply

A

the heart with oxygenated blood

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13
Q

Metabolic activities in the body cells use oxygen supplied by ____ to produce CO2

A

arteries

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14
Q

In mammals, CO2 diffuses through ___ into ____ and is expelled from ___

A

capillary bed walls
alveolar spaces
the lungs

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15
Q

The liver can eliminate wastes in the form of

A

bile pigments

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16
Q

Certain salts, metal ions, and fats can be eliminated through the

A

alimentary gastrointestinal tract

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17
Q

The ureters are

A

the tubes that drain each kidney

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18
Q

the urinary bladder is

A

a muscular sac that temporarily stores waste

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19
Q

the urethra is

A

a tube that passes waste out of the body

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20
Q

The functions of the urinary system include

A

elimination of physiological waste, osmoregulation, BP, pH, and nutrient conservation

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21
Q

Above the right atrium, the vena cava splits right and left into two main branches called

A

the brachiocephalic veins

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22
Q

One of the brachiocephalic veins bifurcates into ___ while the other

A

the major vessels of the chest and forelegs, the subclavian and brachial veins
bifurcates an travels into the neck forming in/external jugular veins

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23
Q

The right subclavian artery subdivides to supply blood to

A

the right thorax, neck, and forelimb

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24
Q

The left subclavian artery subdivides into the

A

left thorax, neck, and forelimb

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25
Q

the pulmonary trunk is… it is located

A

a vessel equal in size that branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries

leaves the right ventricle and parallels the aorta

26
Q

The aorta and posterior vena cava are cushioned in a layer of fat covered by the .. they lie outside all visceral organs except the___

A

parietal peritoneum
except the excretory organs

27
Q

The first large artery to branch from the aorta after it passes the diaphragm is the

A

celiac trunk

28
Q

the celiac trunk branches to supply blood to the

A

stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

29
Q

The anterior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the

A

large and small intestine

30
Q

The renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys through a pair of

A

lateral branches from the aorta

31
Q

The posterior mesenteric artery supplies blood to

A

the rest of the alrhe intestine

32
Q

In the adult, the aorta terminates by forming three vessels, which are

A

the two common iliac arteries (hindlimbs) and sacral (tail)

33
Q

In the fetal pig, two large umbilical arteries branch from the

A

terminus of the aorta

34
Q

The femoral, iliac, sacral, right genital, renal, and adrenolumbar veins are ____ to their corresponding arteries

A

parallel

35
Q

The blood that leaves the gastrointestinal tract enters the vena cava through

A

the hepatic portal system

36
Q

In pigs, blood leaving splenic and stomach capillaries eventually makes its way into the

A

gastrosplenic vein

37
Q

Blood leaving the small and alrge intestine empties into the

A

anterior and posterior mesenteric veins

38
Q

The mesenteric vein joins with the gastrosplenic vein to form the… which carries blood to the liber

A

hepatic portal veins

39
Q

In the liver, the hepatic portal vein branches out with smaller vessels that bring blood to the

A

sinusoids

40
Q

Each unit of the liver (___) also receives blood from hepatic arteries and contain small branches of the )))

A

lobule
bile duct

41
Q

The liver cells (___)absorb materials carried in the blood’s plasma and secrete substances carried by the sinusoids to veins which are centered in each ____

A

hepatocytes
lobule

42
Q

The hepatic vein empties into the ____ just before the diaphragm

A

posterior vena cava

43
Q

The blood brought by the arteries to the gastrointestinal tract flows through ____, which are brought in by___ before returning to the heart. This is called a

A

two capillary beds
one in digestive and one in liver
portal system

44
Q

The adrenal gland is composed of

A

an outer region of endocrine cells (cortex)
and an inner region of cells (medulla)

45
Q

The cortex secretes roughly ___ different hormones and the medulla secretes

A

twenty
epi and norepi in response to autonomic NS

46
Q

The medulla is responsible for the ___ response

A

fight or flight

47
Q

How is the fetal pig bladder different than most adult mammals?

A

in most adult mammals, the bladder is a hollow muscular sac
in the fetal pig, the allantonic bladder is a long tapered sac that extends between the umbilical arteries

48
Q

In the fetus, the allantonic stalk removes urine from the bladder and caries it to the

A

placenta

49
Q

In female pigs, the urethra empties into the___ that leads to the___

A

urogenital sinus
genital papilla

50
Q

The normal development of spermatozoa requires a temperature ___ than the trunk of the body

A

lower

51
Q

The epididymis is

A

the start of the reproductive tract in males. A tightly coiled vessel bound to the testis. Damaged sperm are enzymitically digested by the epididymis

52
Q

The seminal vesicles secrete __% of the fluid found in the male ejaculate

A

60

53
Q

Inactive sperm become mobile when

A

mixed with seminal secretions

54
Q

The prostate secretes an acidic, milky fluid in the urethra that contains

A

anticoagulants, citrate, and an antibiotic

55
Q

bulbourethral/cowper’s glands lie ___ to the prostate. They secrete a clear pre-ejaculate mucus that

A

posterior
lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acidic urine

56
Q

The preputial orifice is

A

the external urethral opening

57
Q

oogenesis is

A

the process of producing ova in the ovaries

58
Q

The ova released from the ovary are picked up by___ of the

A

fimbriae
uterine tube/oviduct

59
Q

Pigs have __ uteri

A

two

60
Q

Each uterine horn receives

A

developing zygotes

61
Q

The blastocyst is embedded in the ____ and nourished by it

A

endometrium

Biol 102 lab and lec (17 decks)

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