Blood Lab Flashcards
Blood has seven functions which include
- Transporting dissolved gases
- Transporting nutrients
- Transporting waste
- Maintaining pH
- Distributing enzymes and hormones
- Preventing fluid loss
- Carrying toxins
Blood is divided into two factions
Plasma and formed elements
Plasma contains proteins such as
Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
Plasma contains metabolites such as
Lipids, glucose, and amino acids
Overall plasma is composed of
Cholesterol, proteins metabolites, nitrogenous wastes, and ions
The plasma protein albumin is produced by the ___ and comprises of __% total plasma proteins
Liver
60%
Albumin function is to
Maintain osmotic balance by generating plasma osmotic pressure
The two main components of plasma osmotic pressure are
Albumin and sodium
Globulins make up __% plasma proteins. It’s two classes are
36%
Transport
Immunoglobulin
Transport globulins are produced in the ___ and bind to less soluble molecules like ___ and metallic ions like ___
Liver
Lipids, hormones (less soluble)
Iron and vitamins (metallic)
Immunoglobulins are known as ____ and are involved in
Antibodies
Involved in “humoral” or B-cell mediated immune response
Clotting proteins or fibrinogen comprise of __% plasma proteins
4
Formed elements of blood consist of
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Human erythrocytes are filled with ____
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is
The respiratory pigment protein involved in the transport of blood gases
RBCs pick up O2 from capillaries around the ____ of the lungs
Alveolar sacs
RBCs transport 20% of the body’s CO2 from tissues back to the lungs by
Binding it directly to the amino acids of hemoglobin
Leukocytes function in
Defense mechanisms for a variety of cells
In response to ____, leukocytes migrate out of capillary blood vessels on a process known as
Cytokines
Diapedesis or extravasation
Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments that pinch off from large ____ located at
Megakaryocytes
Located at the edge of bone marrow
Antibodies are produced by cells known as
B lymphocytes
Each B cell demonstrates specificity due to ___ of the antibody
The variable region
ELISA, or ____ is used in this experiment by
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
A modified antibody to detect presence of fibrin
The presence of the enzyme linked antibody and therefore fibrin will be detected vis
The appropriate chromogenic substrate for the enzyme
When the enzyme acts upon its substrate, a ____ is formed
Colored product
The plates will incubate for ____ minutes at room temperature
45
Iron deficiency anemia occurs when
There is insufficient absorption of iron on the diet
Pernicious anemia occurs when
There is a deficiency of vitamin B12, usually caused by lack of intrinsic factor
Sickle cell anemia arises from a mutation in the
Beta globin chain of hemoglobin
Describe the mutation that results in sickle cell anemia
Base change results in insertion of valine instead of glutamic acid
Polycythemia refers to
An excess of erythrocytes
Polycythemia may develop due to
Temporary lack of O2 due to disease or high altitudes. May be symptomatic of bone marrow disease.
Granulocytes leukemia involves ___ while lymphocytic leukemias involves
Descendants of the granulocytes, while lymphocytic leukemias involves the lymphocytes
An acute leukemia exhibits a ___ onset while chronic leukemia progresses ____
Rapid onset
Slower
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by ____ virus and results in
Epstein -Barr
Overproduction of agranulocytic leukocytes
A person with blood type A will produce ____antibodies
Anti B
A person with blood type O produces ____antibodies
Anti A and Anti B
A person with blood type AB produces ___antibodies
Neither
Agglutination can occur if
Erythrocytes in a blood transfusion contain a different cell-surface antigen than the recipients
Blood typing is performed with a sera called ___
Anti sera
If agglutination occurs in the suspension that contains the anti A serum, the blood type is
A
If agglutination occurs in the suspension that contains Anti B serum, the blood type is
B
The absence of agglutination indicates blood type
O
If agglutination occurs with both anti A and anti B the blood type is
AB
Type O is considered a universal donor because
There are no antigens present
Type AB is considered a universal recipient because
Both A and B antigens are present
An individual with the D factor will process antigens and is designated
Rh+
An individual who lacks the D factor and these antigens is designated
Rh-
Anti-Rh antibodies are not usually present in plasma but will be produced upon
Exposure to Rh antigens
Erythroblastosis fetallis is
The hemolytic disease where an Rh- mother has a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ fetus, which could lead to agglutination
Does erythroblastosis fetallis occur if an Rh- fetus is carried to an Rh+ mother? Why or why not?
No because the immune system is not fully developed
