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Biol 102 lab and lec > Blood Lab > Flashcards

Blood Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Blood has seven functions which include

A
  1. Transporting dissolved gases
  2. Transporting nutrients
  3. Transporting waste
  4. Maintaining pH
  5. Distributing enzymes and hormones
  6. Preventing fluid loss
  7. Carrying toxins
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2
Q

Blood is divided into two factions

A

Plasma and formed elements

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3
Q

Plasma contains proteins such as

A

Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen

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4
Q

Plasma contains metabolites such as

A

Lipids, glucose, and amino acids

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5
Q

Overall plasma is composed of

A

Cholesterol, proteins metabolites, nitrogenous wastes, and ions

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6
Q

The plasma protein albumin is produced by the ___ and comprises of __% total plasma proteins

A

Liver
60%

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7
Q

Albumin function is to

A

Maintain osmotic balance by generating plasma osmotic pressure

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8
Q

The two main components of plasma osmotic pressure are

A

Albumin and sodium

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9
Q

Globulins make up __% plasma proteins. It’s two classes are

A

36%
Transport
Immunoglobulin

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10
Q

Transport globulins are produced in the ___ and bind to less soluble molecules like ___ and metallic ions like ___

A

Liver
Lipids, hormones (less soluble)
Iron and vitamins (metallic)

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11
Q

Immunoglobulins are known as ____ and are involved in

A

Antibodies
Involved in “humoral” or B-cell mediated immune response

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12
Q

Clotting proteins or fibrinogen comprise of __% plasma proteins

A

4

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13
Q

Formed elements of blood consist of

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

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14
Q

Human erythrocytes are filled with ____

A

Hemoglobin

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15
Q

Hemoglobin is

A

The respiratory pigment protein involved in the transport of blood gases

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16
Q

RBCs pick up O2 from capillaries around the ____ of the lungs

A

Alveolar sacs

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17
Q

RBCs transport 20% of the body’s CO2 from tissues back to the lungs by

A

Binding it directly to the amino acids of hemoglobin

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18
Q

Leukocytes function in

A

Defense mechanisms for a variety of cells

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19
Q

In response to ____, leukocytes migrate out of capillary blood vessels on a process known as

A

Cytokines
Diapedesis or extravasation

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20
Q

Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments that pinch off from large ____ located at

A

Megakaryocytes
Located at the edge of bone marrow

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21
Q

Antibodies are produced by cells known as

A

B lymphocytes

22
Q

Each B cell demonstrates specificity due to ___ of the antibody

A

The variable region

23
Q

ELISA, or ____ is used in this experiment by

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
A modified antibody to detect presence of fibrin

24
Q

The presence of the enzyme linked antibody and therefore fibrin will be detected vis

A

The appropriate chromogenic substrate for the enzyme

25
Q

When the enzyme acts upon its substrate, a ____ is formed

A

Colored product

26
Q

The plates will incubate for ____ minutes at room temperature

A

45

27
Q

Iron deficiency anemia occurs when

A

There is insufficient absorption of iron on the diet

28
Q

Pernicious anemia occurs when

A

There is a deficiency of vitamin B12, usually caused by lack of intrinsic factor

29
Q

Sickle cell anemia arises from a mutation in the

A

Beta globin chain of hemoglobin

30
Q

Describe the mutation that results in sickle cell anemia

A

Base change results in insertion of valine instead of glutamic acid

31
Q

Polycythemia refers to

A

An excess of erythrocytes

32
Q

Polycythemia may develop due to

A

Temporary lack of O2 due to disease or high altitudes. May be symptomatic of bone marrow disease.

33
Q

Granulocytes leukemia involves ___ while lymphocytic leukemias involves

A

Descendants of the granulocytes, while lymphocytic leukemias involves the lymphocytes

34
Q

An acute leukemia exhibits a ___ onset while chronic leukemia progresses ____

A

Rapid onset
Slower

35
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by ____ virus and results in

A

Epstein -Barr
Overproduction of agranulocytic leukocytes

36
Q

A person with blood type A will produce ____antibodies

A

Anti B

37
Q

A person with blood type O produces ____antibodies

A

Anti A and Anti B

38
Q

A person with blood type AB produces ___antibodies

A

Neither

39
Q

Agglutination can occur if

A

Erythrocytes in a blood transfusion contain a different cell-surface antigen than the recipients

40
Q

Blood typing is performed with a sera called ___

A

Anti sera

41
Q

If agglutination occurs in the suspension that contains the anti A serum, the blood type is

A

A

42
Q

If agglutination occurs in the suspension that contains Anti B serum, the blood type is

A

B

43
Q

The absence of agglutination indicates blood type

A

O

44
Q

If agglutination occurs with both anti A and anti B the blood type is

A

AB

45
Q

Type O is considered a universal donor because

A

There are no antigens present

46
Q

Type AB is considered a universal recipient because

A

Both A and B antigens are present

47
Q

An individual with the D factor will process antigens and is designated

A

Rh+

48
Q

An individual who lacks the D factor and these antigens is designated

A

Rh-

49
Q

Anti-Rh antibodies are not usually present in plasma but will be produced upon

A

Exposure to Rh antigens

50
Q

Erythroblastosis fetallis is

A

The hemolytic disease where an Rh- mother has a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ fetus, which could lead to agglutination

51
Q

Does erythroblastosis fetallis occur if an Rh- fetus is carried to an Rh+ mother? Why or why not?

A

No because the immune system is not fully developed

Biol 102 lab and lec (17 decks)

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