Histology Lab Flashcards
The four principal groups of tissue are
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve
Blood and lymph are typically considered a type of ____ tissue
Connective
Epithelial tissue is composed of
Sheets of tightly packed cells
Little intercellular substance
Epithelial tissue serves to
Prevent fluid loss, infection, and mechanical issue
Epithelial cells may appear as flat discs ____, square blocks _____, or masonry bricks ____.
Flat discs: squamous
Square blocks: cuboidal
Masonry: columnar
Glandular epithelial are
The epithelial that line organs and may absorb/secrete chemical solutions
Connective tissue primarily serves to
Support parts of the body and keep it together
Unlike epithelial tissue, connective tissue is spaced
Widely apart from each other
The most widespread connective tissue in the mammalian body is
Loose connective/aeroaler tissue
Fibers bind ___ tissue within the ECM
Epithelial
Adipose tissue help bind connective tissue to ECM. Additionally they
Store fat molecules
Fibrous connective tissue contains collagen fibers, which are responsible for
Maximizing non elastic properties and strength of tendons and ligaments
Cartilage contains a protein carbohydrate complex called
Chrondoiton sulfate
Osteoblasts are
Calcified cartilage that formed due to bone forming
Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate interact to form ___ in the collagen matrix
Hydroxyapatite
Blood is considered connective, it’s matrix is ___ rather than fibrous
Fluid
Muscle tissue is composed of
Long cells known as muscle fibers
Muscle fibers are made up of
Parallel bundles of fibers called myofibrils
The two major cells of muscle fibers are
Acting and myosin
The three types of muscle are
Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
Nerve tissue transfers
Information from one part of the body to another
Single nerve cells, or neurons, combine to form highly complex groups called
Ganglia
The cell bodies of individual neurons have extensions called
Dendrites and axons
Dendrites and axons send
Signals called nerve impulses to other tissue
The __ make up the CNS
Spin cord and brain
Multipolar neurons possess axons and dendrites, which
Communicate with other nervous system cells
Spaces between neurons are composed of
Smaller supporting glia
The central lumen of of the arteries and veins distinguish them from
Nerve fibers
A layer of ___ separate arteries and veins from other cells
Elastic connective tissue
Unlike arteries which maintain it’s shape, veins
Collapse into an irregular shape
In contact with the lumen of arteries and veins is
A lining of flattened endothelial cells
The nerves consist of nerve fibers grouped together into bundles called
Fasicles
___ tissue surrounds and penetrates nerve fibers
Connective
A type of glial cell known as ____ envelopes the axons of individual nerve fibers
Schwan cells
Schwann cell envelopment __ nerve fibers, which speeds up the rate kf
Insulates
Electrical impulse
Hollow cells indicate the region of
Fat or adipose tissue
Adipose tissue have ____ during the preparation of tissue.
Lost their lipids
In vivo, an adipocyte contains a liquid droplet which
Displaces the cytoplasm
_____are embedded in an amorphous glycoproteins matrix bound by collagen fibers
Chondrocytes
Chondrocytes sit at a hollow in the matrix known as
Lacunae
Blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves can be found in the periphery of
Hyalinic cartilage
The prominent holes in compact bone are ___ containing blood and lymphatic vessels
Haversian canals
The canaliculi are
A complex pattern of branches through each osteocyte
The cannaliculi connect
The lacunae with the haversian system
The bulk of pancreatic tissue is composed of ____ separated by
Secretory epithelial cells separated by connective tissue
The islets of langerhans contain the endocrine secretory
Alpha and beta cells
Alpha cells secrete ___ while beta cells secrete ____
Secrete glucAgon
Secrete insioin
In the cortex of the kidney lies the ____, the functional unit which delivers blood
Nephron
The kidney glomureli are
Capillaries that do not allow the passage of r/wbc or proteins into the filtrate that enters the Bowman’s capsule
The kidney collecting tubules lead ultimately to the
Ureter
The hilum is
Where the renal artery, vein and ureter enter the kidney
The two distinct layers of smooth muscle in the intestinal systems are
Inner circular
Outer longitudinal
The single layer thick____ line the intestinal lumen
Columnar epithelial cells
The apical surface of the intestine contains ___ which
Microvilli
Increase surface area
A human testis contains several long ____ surrounded by three layers of connective tissue
Semiferous tubiles
The periphery of the semiferous tubiles contain ____, which are in association with the nutritive ___ cells
Spermatagonia
Sertoli cells
Spermatogenesis is under control of which hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone, FSH
Sperm production occurs at a temperature ___ the body
Lower
Leydig cells are under the influence of what hormone
Leutinizing hormone
Primary and secondary oocytes are in the center of what structure
Follicles
Oocytes are surrounded by a glycoprotein layer called
Zona pellucida
The primary oocyte is first surrounded by follicular cells and then by
Granulosa cells
The liver is divided into polygonal
Hepatic lobules
Blood entering the liver via the hepatic portal vein is distributed into endothelial lines
Sinusoids
The complex of sinusoids converges on large holes called
Centrilobular veins
The striations in skeletal muscle cells are due to
Arrangement of actin and myosin known as sacromeres
Smooth muscle cells nuclei are lcoated
Centrally
In addition to striation, cardiac muscle cells are distinct due to
Intercalated discs
The hormones produced in the thyroid are made kn
An extracellular suspension known as the colloid
The thyroid follicle is made up of
Colloid and follicular cells
The pituitary is made up of two major lobes, the
Anterior and posterior
The anterior pituitary lobe consists of
Secretory epithelial cells
The posterior pituitary lobe is similar to
Similar to nerve tissue
