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Biol 102 lab and lec > Lab 5: Vertebrate Dissection Part 1 > Flashcards

Lab 5: Vertebrate Dissection Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Animals with backbones are grouped into a subphylum____, which is a division of the phylum ___

A

vertebrata
chordata

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2
Q

The three divisions of the chordata phylum are

A

urochordates, cephalocordates, and vertebrata

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3
Q

All chordates share four common features at some stage in development:

A
  1. notochord
  2. dorsal hollow nerve cord
  3. pharyngeal gill slits
  4. postanal tail
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4
Q

___ contain a living endoskeleton which grows with the animal and allows for continuous growth, unlike invertebrates

A

chordates

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5
Q

A notochord is

A

a type of dorsally located flexible rod endoskeleton

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6
Q

In higher chordates the notochord is replaced by a

A

vertebral column

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7
Q

The nerve cord of chordates develops into the

A

CNS

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8
Q

TorF: all chordates have traces of pharyngeal slits at some point in their embryonic development

A

True

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9
Q

Pigs belong to the subdivision/class

A

mammalia

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10
Q

Pigs belong to the order

A

artiodactyla

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11
Q

All mammals share six characteristics

A
  1. endothermal regulation with fat, hair, and skin (for some)
  2. moveable eyelids and external ears
  3. efficient respiratory and circulatory system with a four chambered heart and non-nucleated RBCs
    4.Diaphragm separating thoracic and abdominal cavities
  4. intrauterine embryonic development
  5. mammary glands
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12
Q

The bodies of mammals are three major regions:

A
  1. head and neck
  2. trunk
  3. tail
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13
Q

Pigs have short necks, a feature seen in ____ animals

A

burrowing/rooting

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14
Q

The nares are the ____ in the pigs snout

A

nostrils

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15
Q

Papillae are

A

numerous small projections on the tongues surface, taste buds/draw food in

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16
Q

Pigs begin ingesting solid food __ after birth

A

soon

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17
Q

The eye location of the pig is typical of ___ species

A

vegetarian

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18
Q

TorF pigs are carnivores

A

F, omnivores

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19
Q

The nictitating membrane is

A

a translucent covering over the eye that keeps it clean and moist

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20
Q

The auricle/pinna of the ear is

A

the flesh covered cartilage structure that is the most obvious part of the ears

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21
Q

In many animals, the auricle collects

A

sound waves and channels the into the external auditory canal

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22
Q

Pigs have ___ digits that end in hooves

A

four

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23
Q

The first seven pairs of ribbed are joined to the ___, while the other five

A

sternum
either joined the sternum by cartilage or float

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24
Q

TorF: Mammary papillae or present in both males and females

A

true

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25
Q

Wild pigs have a gestation of __ months

A

4

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26
Q

If your pig is female, there will be second opening by the anus which

A

protrudes ventral, known as the genital papilla

27
Q

If your pig is male, there is no second opening beneath the anus. Instead

A

you will see the scrotal sacs
the penis leads to the preputial orifice, which is posterior to the umbilical vord

28
Q

The thoracic cavity is lined by _____ tissue

A

epithelial

29
Q

The parietal epithelium is

A

the epithelium that lines a body cavity

30
Q

the visceral epithelium is

A

the epithelium covering organs

31
Q

The small space between the visceral and parietal pleura is

A

the pleural cavity

32
Q

Pleurissy is

A

inflammation of the pleural membranes

33
Q

The heart lies in its own space called the

A

pericardial cavity

34
Q

The epithelium that covers the heart is the

A

pericardial sac

35
Q

The thymus is

A

the endocrine gland that is active in establishing immune system in animals

36
Q

The larynx is the ____ structure in the respiratory pathway

A

largest

37
Q

The pharynx is

A

where the pathways for digestion and respiration cross

38
Q

The parietal peritoneum is

A

the layer of epithelium that lines the abdominal cavity

39
Q

The visceral peritoneum is

A

the layer of epithelium that covers the abdominal organs

40
Q

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is

A

the peritoneal cavity

41
Q

Peritonitis is

A

inflammation of the peritoneal cavity

42
Q

TorF: the pericardium, pleurae, and visceral peritoneum all fold upon themselves to surround their organs and hold them in place

A

false, just visceral

43
Q

The liver serves a variety of functions, including

A
  1. macromolecule digestion
  2. produces bile
  3. nitrogeneous waste
  4. detoxifies
  5. glycogen and micronutrient storage
44
Q

The gallbladder is

A

the storage organ for bile

45
Q

Bile is produced in the ___ and stored in the ___ until it is needed for digestion, when it is released into the ____ that connects to the ___

A

liver
gallbladder
bile duct
small intestine/duodenum

46
Q

The spleen is

A

a lymphatic organ important in the destruction of old RBCs

47
Q

An involuntary wave of smooth muscle contractions, ___, moves food down the esophagus into the stomach

A

peristalsis

48
Q

The gastric juice contains

A

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

49
Q

The gastric juices of newborns contain

A

renin and gastric lipase

50
Q

The first segment of the small intestine is the

A

duodenum

51
Q

Adjacent to the duodenum is the ___, which plays a role in both digestive and endocrine system

A

pancreas

52
Q

In the duodenum, partially digested food mixes with

A

enzymes secreted by intestinal epithelium, bile, and pancreatic enzymes

53
Q

The jejunum is where

A

the bulk of chemical digestion and absorption occurs

54
Q

The ileum ends at the ____

A

ileocecal valce

55
Q

The ileocecal valve regualtes the flow of material leaving the small intestine and entering the first part of the large intestine, the ___

A

caecum

56
Q

The caecum is

A

the small pouch/sac at the beginning of the large intestin

57
Q

TorF: in some mammals such as herbivores, the caecum acts as a fermentation reservoir whee cellulose is digested

A

True

58
Q

In humans, the caecum is

A

vestigial and called the appendix

59
Q

the longest segment of the large intestine is the

A

colon

60
Q

As water is reabsorbed from the wastes of the digestive tract, fecal matter becomes

A

more solid

61
Q

How are organs able to slide against each other without damage?

A

friction reducing fluid on surface of peritonea

62
Q

Rugae are

A

ridges in the stomach that can disappear when full

63
Q

If you were to stretch out your intestines linearly they would measure roughly

A

25 feet

Biol 102 lab and lec (17 decks)

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