Lab 5: Vertebrate Dissection Part 1 Flashcards
Animals with backbones are grouped into a subphylum____, which is a division of the phylum ___
vertebrata
chordata
The three divisions of the chordata phylum are
urochordates, cephalocordates, and vertebrata
All chordates share four common features at some stage in development:
- notochord
- dorsal hollow nerve cord
- pharyngeal gill slits
- postanal tail
___ contain a living endoskeleton which grows with the animal and allows for continuous growth, unlike invertebrates
chordates
A notochord is
a type of dorsally located flexible rod endoskeleton
In higher chordates the notochord is replaced by a
vertebral column
The nerve cord of chordates develops into the
CNS
TorF: all chordates have traces of pharyngeal slits at some point in their embryonic development
True
Pigs belong to the subdivision/class
mammalia
Pigs belong to the order
artiodactyla
All mammals share six characteristics
- endothermal regulation with fat, hair, and skin (for some)
- moveable eyelids and external ears
- efficient respiratory and circulatory system with a four chambered heart and non-nucleated RBCs
4.Diaphragm separating thoracic and abdominal cavities - intrauterine embryonic development
- mammary glands
The bodies of mammals are three major regions:
- head and neck
- trunk
- tail
Pigs have short necks, a feature seen in ____ animals
burrowing/rooting
The nares are the ____ in the pigs snout
nostrils
Papillae are
numerous small projections on the tongues surface, taste buds/draw food in
Pigs begin ingesting solid food __ after birth
soon
The eye location of the pig is typical of ___ species
vegetarian
TorF pigs are carnivores
F, omnivores
The nictitating membrane is
a translucent covering over the eye that keeps it clean and moist
The auricle/pinna of the ear is
the flesh covered cartilage structure that is the most obvious part of the ears
In many animals, the auricle collects
sound waves and channels the into the external auditory canal
Pigs have ___ digits that end in hooves
four
The first seven pairs of ribbed are joined to the ___, while the other five
sternum
either joined the sternum by cartilage or float
TorF: Mammary papillae or present in both males and females
true
Wild pigs have a gestation of __ months
4
If your pig is female, there will be second opening by the anus which
protrudes ventral, known as the genital papilla
If your pig is male, there is no second opening beneath the anus. Instead
you will see the scrotal sacs
the penis leads to the preputial orifice, which is posterior to the umbilical vord
The thoracic cavity is lined by _____ tissue
epithelial
The parietal epithelium is
the epithelium that lines a body cavity
the visceral epithelium is
the epithelium covering organs
The small space between the visceral and parietal pleura is
the pleural cavity
Pleurissy is
inflammation of the pleural membranes
The heart lies in its own space called the
pericardial cavity
The epithelium that covers the heart is the
pericardial sac
The thymus is
the endocrine gland that is active in establishing immune system in animals
The larynx is the ____ structure in the respiratory pathway
largest
The pharynx is
where the pathways for digestion and respiration cross
The parietal peritoneum is
the layer of epithelium that lines the abdominal cavity
The visceral peritoneum is
the layer of epithelium that covers the abdominal organs
The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is
the peritoneal cavity
Peritonitis is
inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
TorF: the pericardium, pleurae, and visceral peritoneum all fold upon themselves to surround their organs and hold them in place
false, just visceral
The liver serves a variety of functions, including
- macromolecule digestion
- produces bile
- nitrogeneous waste
- detoxifies
- glycogen and micronutrient storage
The gallbladder is
the storage organ for bile
Bile is produced in the ___ and stored in the ___ until it is needed for digestion, when it is released into the ____ that connects to the ___
liver
gallbladder
bile duct
small intestine/duodenum
The spleen is
a lymphatic organ important in the destruction of old RBCs
An involuntary wave of smooth muscle contractions, ___, moves food down the esophagus into the stomach
peristalsis
The gastric juice contains
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
The gastric juices of newborns contain
renin and gastric lipase
The first segment of the small intestine is the
duodenum
Adjacent to the duodenum is the ___, which plays a role in both digestive and endocrine system
pancreas
In the duodenum, partially digested food mixes with
enzymes secreted by intestinal epithelium, bile, and pancreatic enzymes
The jejunum is where
the bulk of chemical digestion and absorption occurs
The ileum ends at the ____
ileocecal valce
The ileocecal valve regualtes the flow of material leaving the small intestine and entering the first part of the large intestine, the ___
caecum
The caecum is
the small pouch/sac at the beginning of the large intestin
TorF: in some mammals such as herbivores, the caecum acts as a fermentation reservoir whee cellulose is digested
True
In humans, the caecum is
vestigial and called the appendix
the longest segment of the large intestine is the
colon
As water is reabsorbed from the wastes of the digestive tract, fecal matter becomes
more solid
How are organs able to slide against each other without damage?
friction reducing fluid on surface of peritonea
Rugae are
ridges in the stomach that can disappear when full
If you were to stretch out your intestines linearly they would measure roughly
25 feet
