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Anatomy > Plantar Foot > Flashcards

Plantar Foot Flashcards

1
Q

what is the plantar aponeurosis - 4 key features

A
  1. thickening of deep fascia
  2. dense fibrous connective tissue
  3. continuous with deep fascia medially and laterally
  4. forms boundaries of muscles compartment
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2
Q

where does the plantar aponeurosis attach (3)

A
  1. medial tubercle of calcaneus
  2. 5 slips to bases of proximal phalanges
  3. longitudinal septa to plantar aspect of tarsals and MT
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3
Q

what is the function of the plantar aponeurosis (4)

A
  1. contain plantar tissues
  2. ankor the skin
  3. form pockets of loculated fat pads
  4. provide channels for neurovascular structures
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4
Q

where are the neurovascular components of the sole located

A

between the 1st and 2nd layer of muscles

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5
Q

what are the 3 muscles in layer 1 of the plantar foot

A
  1. ABductor hallucis
  2. flexor digitorum brevis
  3. ABductor digiti minimi
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6
Q

ABductor hallucis:
origin
insertion
action
innervation

A
  • origin: medial calc tuberosity/plantar aponeurosis
  • insertion: base proximal hallux
  • action: ABduct and flex 1st MTPJ
  • innervation: medial plantar nerve
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7
Q

flexor digitorum brevis:
origin
insertion
action
innervation

A
  • origin: medial calcaneal tuberosity/ PA
  • insertion: 4 lesser toes, intermediate phallanx
  • action: flex MTPJ and PIPJ
  • innervation: medial plantar nerve
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8
Q

what are the 2 extrinsic layer 2 muscles of the plantar foot

A
  1. FDL
  2. FHL
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9
Q

Layer 2 intrinsic muscles of the plantar foot

A
  1. lumbricals
  2. quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius)
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10
Q

lumbricals:
origin
insertion
actions
innervation

A
  • origin: FDL tendons
  • insertion: base proximal phalanx and ext hood of lateral 4 toes
  • actions: flex MPJ and extend IPJ’s, stabilise proximal phalanges
  • innervation: 1st: medial plantar, 2-4th: lateral plantar
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11
Q

quadratus plantae:
origin
insertion
action
innervation

A
  • origin: calcaneus
  • insertion: FDL tendon
  • action: flex MTP and IPJ’s (straightens pull of FDL)
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve
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12
Q

what are the muscles in layer 3 of the plantar foot

A
  1. flexor hallucis brevis
  2. flexor digiti minimi
  3. ADductor hallucis
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13
Q

flexor hallucis brevis:
origin
insertion
action
innervation

A
  • origin: plantar midfoot
  • insertion: 2 heads to base 1st proximal phalanx
  • action: flex 1st MTPJ
  • innervation: medial plantar nerve
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14
Q

flexor digiti minimi:
origin
insertion
action
innervation

A
  • origin: bse 5th met
  • insertion: lateral base 5th proximal phalanx
  • action: flex 5th MTPJ
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve
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15
Q

ADductor hallucis:
origin
insertion
action
innervation

A
  • origin: base 2-4 MT (oblique head
    3-5 plantar plates (transverse heads)
  • insertion: base 1st proximal phalanx
  • action: flex and ADduct 1st MTPJ
  • innervation: lateral plantar nerve
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16
Q

layer 4 extrinsic muscles of the plantar foot (2)

A
  1. peroneus longus
  2. tibialis posterior
17
Q

where does peroneus longus insert

A

grooves cuboid, to base of 1st MT

18
Q

where does tibialis posterior insert

A

extensive insertion beyond navicular (the greedy muscle)

19
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of layer 4 of the plantar foot

A
  1. plantar interossei (PI-O)
  2. dorsal interossei (DI-O)
20
Q

what are the plantar ligaments (3)

A
  1. plantar calcaneonavicular lig - ‘spring’ ligament
  2. short plantar ligament
  3. long plantar ligament
21
Q

what are the arches of the foot

A
  1. longitudinal
    medial lateral
  2. transverse

achoring the ends of an arched structure will prevent distortionof the arch on loading

22
Q

where is the spring ligament

A

attached the sustentacular tali of the calcaneus to the navicular

23
Q

where is the short plantar ligament

A

connect the calcaneus to the cuboid

24
Q

where is the long plantar ligament

A

connects calcaneus to cuboid, thento bases of 2-5th MT

25
Q

what is the function of the arches of the foot

A
  1. weight distribution
  2. shock absorption
  3. protection
26
Q

what are the mechanisms of arch support

A
  1. keystone
  2. tiebeam
  3. staples
  4. suspension
27
Q

what performs as the keystone in the MLA

A

head of talus

28
Q

which muscles act as tiebeams in the MLA (5)

A
  1. PA
  2. FHL
  3. FDL
  4. ABH
  5. FDB
29
Q

which structures provide staples in the MLA (2)

A
  1. FHB
  2. spring ligament
30
Q

which structures provide the suspension function in the MLA (3)

A
  1. TP
  2. TA
  3. deltoid ligament
31
Q

LLA support: keystone

A

cuboid

32
Q

LLA support: tiebeams (4)

A
  1. PA
  2. FDL
  3. ABDM
  4. FDB
33
Q

LLA support: staples (2)
??????
no idea what FDM is - suspend this card

A
  1. FDM
  2. long and short plantar ligaments
34
Q

transverse arch support: keystone

A

bases MT and cuneiforms

35
Q

transverse arch support: tiebeams

A

PL

36
Q

transverse arch support: staples

A

transverse head AdH
deep transverse metatarsal ligament

37
Q

transverse arch support: suspension

A

TA

38
Q

arch support general:
passive structures - standing (3)
active structures - locomotion (1)

A

bones, ligaments, fascia

muscles

Anatomy (9 decks)

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