Plantar Foot Flashcards
what is the plantar aponeurosis - 4 key features
- thickening of deep fascia
- dense fibrous connective tissue
- continuous with deep fascia medially and laterally
- forms boundaries of muscles compartment
where does the plantar aponeurosis attach (3)
- medial tubercle of calcaneus
- 5 slips to bases of proximal phalanges
- longitudinal septa to plantar aspect of tarsals and MT
what is the function of the plantar aponeurosis (4)
- contain plantar tissues
- ankor the skin
- form pockets of loculated fat pads
- provide channels for neurovascular structures
where are the neurovascular components of the sole located
between the 1st and 2nd layer of muscles
what are the 3 muscles in layer 1 of the plantar foot
- ABductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- ABductor digiti minimi
ABductor hallucis:
origin
insertion
action
innervation
- origin: medial calc tuberosity/plantar aponeurosis
- insertion: base proximal hallux
- action: ABduct and flex 1st MTPJ
- innervation: medial plantar nerve
flexor digitorum brevis:
origin
insertion
action
innervation
- origin: medial calcaneal tuberosity/ PA
- insertion: 4 lesser toes, intermediate phallanx
- action: flex MTPJ and PIPJ
- innervation: medial plantar nerve
what are the 2 extrinsic layer 2 muscles of the plantar foot
- FDL
- FHL
Layer 2 intrinsic muscles of the plantar foot
- lumbricals
- quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius)
lumbricals:
origin
insertion
actions
innervation
- origin: FDL tendons
- insertion: base proximal phalanx and ext hood of lateral 4 toes
- actions: flex MPJ and extend IPJ’s, stabilise proximal phalanges
- innervation: 1st: medial plantar, 2-4th: lateral plantar
quadratus plantae:
origin
insertion
action
innervation
- origin: calcaneus
- insertion: FDL tendon
- action: flex MTP and IPJ’s (straightens pull of FDL)
- innervation: lateral plantar nerve
what are the muscles in layer 3 of the plantar foot
- flexor hallucis brevis
- flexor digiti minimi
- ADductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis:
origin
insertion
action
innervation
- origin: plantar midfoot
- insertion: 2 heads to base 1st proximal phalanx
- action: flex 1st MTPJ
- innervation: medial plantar nerve
flexor digiti minimi:
origin
insertion
action
innervation
- origin: bse 5th met
- insertion: lateral base 5th proximal phalanx
- action: flex 5th MTPJ
- innervation: lateral plantar nerve
ADductor hallucis:
origin
insertion
action
innervation
- origin: base 2-4 MT (oblique head
3-5 plantar plates (transverse heads) - insertion: base 1st proximal phalanx
- action: flex and ADduct 1st MTPJ
- innervation: lateral plantar nerve
layer 4 extrinsic muscles of the plantar foot (2)
- peroneus longus
- tibialis posterior
where does peroneus longus insert
grooves cuboid, to base of 1st MT
where does tibialis posterior insert
extensive insertion beyond navicular (the greedy muscle)
what are the intrinsic muscles of layer 4 of the plantar foot
- plantar interossei (PI-O)
- dorsal interossei (DI-O)
what are the plantar ligaments (3)
- plantar calcaneonavicular lig - ‘spring’ ligament
- short plantar ligament
- long plantar ligament
what are the arches of the foot
- longitudinal
medial lateral - transverse
achoring the ends of an arched structure will prevent distortionof the arch on loading
where is the spring ligament
attached the sustentacular tali of the calcaneus to the navicular
where is the short plantar ligament
connect the calcaneus to the cuboid
where is the long plantar ligament
connects calcaneus to cuboid, thento bases of 2-5th MT
