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Anatomy > Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bones of the gluteal region (4)

A
  • lumbar spine
  • sacrum
  • pelvis: ilium, ischium, pubis
  • femur
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2
Q

what are the powerful ligaments of the sacroiliac joint (3)

A
  • anterior sacroiliac (weakest)
  • posterior sacroiliac - divided into long and short
  • interosseous (strongest)
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3
Q

what ligaments stabilise the sacroiliac joint

A
  • sacrospinous ligament
  • sacrotuberous ligament
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4
Q

what is the pubic symphyisis

A

a fibrocartilagenous joint that joins R and L pubic bones, assisted by ligaments

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5
Q

what are the 3 foramen of the gluteal region

A
  • obturator
  • greater sciatic
  • lesser sciatic
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6
Q

what are 3 consequences of hip fracture/ dislocation

A
  • osteoarthritis
  • DDH- developmental displasia of the hip
  • bursitis
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7
Q

what are the 2 muscle groups of the gluteal region

A

gluteals
external rotators

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8
Q

gluteus maximus:
origin
insertion
action
antagonist
innervation

A
  • origin: posterior surface of the ilium and sarum; sacrotuberous ligament
  • insertion: gluteal tuberosity, IT tract
  • action: hip extension and external rotation; stabilises knee and pelvis
  • antagonist: hip flexors
  • innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve - L5, S1, S2
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9
Q

gluteus medius:
origin
insertion
action
antagonist
innervation

A
  • origin: ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
  • insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter
  • action: ABduction and internal rotation of thigh at hip
  • antagonist: ADductors and external rotators
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1
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10
Q

gluteus minimus:
origin
insertion
action
antagonist
innervation

A
  • origin: ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
  • insertion: anterior surface of the greater trochanter
  • action: ABduction and internal rotation of thigh at hip
  • antagonist: ADductors, external rotators
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1(confirmed in Grays)
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11
Q

what are the external rotators of the hip (6)

A
  • piriformis
  • quadratus femoris
  • superior gemelli
  • obturator internus
  • inferior gemelli
  • obturator externus
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12
Q

piriformis:
origin
insertion
action
antagonist
innervation

A
  • origin: middle 3 parts of sacrum
  • insertion: upper border of greater trochanter
  • action: ABduction and external rotation of thigh at hip
  • antagonist: ADductors, internal rotators
  • innervation: branches from S1, S2
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13
Q

quadratus femoris
origin
insertion
action
antagonist
innervation

A
  • origin: upper, outer ischial tuberosity
  • insertion: quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest
  • action: external rotation of hip and stabilisation
  • antagonist: internal rotators
  • innervation: nerve from: L4, L5, S1
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14
Q

obturator internus:
origin
insertion
action
antagonist
innervation

A
  • origin: obturator membrane and surrounding bones
  • insertion: greater trochanter, above in front of trochanteric fossa
  • action: external rotation and stabilisation of hip
  • antagonist: internal rotators
  • innervation: nerve from L5, S1, S2
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15
Q

the gemelli:
origin
insertion
action
antagonist
innervation

A
  • origin: superior ischial spine and inferior ischial tuberosity
  • insertion: with obturator internus
  • action: assists obturator internus
  • antagonist: internal rotators
  • innervation: Superior- obturator internus L5, S1, S2; Inferior L4, L5, S1- quadratus femoris
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16
Q

obturator externus:
origin
insertion
action
antagonist
innervation

A
  • origin: external surface of obturator membrane and ischiopubic ramus
  • insertion: trochanteric fossa
  • action: external rotation of thigh
  • antagonist: internal rotators
  • innervation: obturator L3, L4
17
Q

what are the 7 sensory nerves of the gluteal region
(Some Panty Liners SLIP)

A
  1. subcostal
  2. perforating cutaneous
  3. lateral femoral cutaneous
  4. sacral posterior rami
  5. lumbar 1-3
  6. iliohypogastric
  7. posterior femoral cutaneous
18
Q

what are the 5 nerves that supply the hip joint

A
  1. femoral nerve
  2. obturator nerve (and/or accessory obturator)
  3. nerve to quadratus femoris
  4. superior gluteal
  5. sciatic
19
Q

what are the vascular structures of the gluteal region, including the 2 anastomoses (4)

A
  1. superior gluteal artery
  2. inferior gluteal artery
  3. trochanteric anastomosis
  4. cruciate anastomosis
20
Q

what artery supplies the head of the femur and remainder of hip joint

A

posterior branch of obturator artery (intracapsular) and maybe some medial circumflex femoral artery

and
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries (extracapsular)

21
Q

what are the AB and ADduction angles of the hip

A

ABduction: 40°
ADduction: 25°

22
Q

what are the flexion and extension angles of the hip

A

flexion: 120° (30° required for gait)
extension: 30° (10° required for gait)

23
Q

what are the angles for internal and external hip rotation

A

int and ext: 45° ( 15°-20° required for gait)

24
Q

what are the ligaments that support the hip joint

A
  • pubo-femoral (relatively weak)
  • ilio-femoral (anterior)
  • ischiofemoral (posterior)
25
Q

what is the arterial supply to the hip joint

A
  • medial and lateral circumflex artery
  • artery of ligamentum teres, derived from obturator or medial circumflex

inadequate to supply femoral head with displaced fractures

Anatomy (9 decks)

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