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Anatomy > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

the largest synovial joint in the body

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2
Q

what types of cartilage are found in the knee

A
  • articular ‘hyaline’ cartilage - covers bone ends
  • fibrocartilage - forms menisci
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3
Q

what are the ligaments of the intracapsular and extracapsular knee (8)

A
  1. the joint capsule
  2. ACL and PCL
  3. transverse ligament
  4. M & L coronary
  5. patella ligament
  6. M & L collateral
  7. oblique popliteal
  8. arcuate popliteal
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4
Q

what does the anterior cruciate ligament do (3)

A
  • prevents tibia moving forward in relation to the femur
  • controls rotation
  • assists pivoting
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5
Q

what is the role of the posterior cruciate ligament

A
  • prevents tibia sliding back on the femur
  • hyperextension
  • control rotation
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6
Q

when do ACL injuries typically occur

A

when bones of the leg twist in opposite directions under full body weight

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7
Q

what is the function of the transverse ligament (in the knee)

A
  • joins the anterior horns of the medial and lateral meniscus
  • prevents motion of menisci
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8
Q

what is the function of the medial and lateral coronary ligaments of the knee joint

A

fix menisci to tibial plateau

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9
Q

from which tendon does the oblique popliteal originate and what is its function

A

from tendon of semimembranosus, provides strength to posterior capsule

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10
Q

describe the arcuate popliteal ligament and its function

A
  • from posterior head of fibular, forms a Y shaped fan to tibial intercondylar area
  • strengthens posterolateral area of joint capsule
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11
Q

how can we broadly categorise muscles that act at the knee (3)

A

muscles that act at the
1. hip and knee
2. knee only
3. knee and ankle

can also be grouped as extensors and flexors (and a special one)

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12
Q

extensor muscles that act at the hip and knee (3)

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. gluteus maximus
  3. tensor fascia lata
    (2 & 3 via iliotibial band)
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13
Q

flexors that act at the hip and knee (5)

A
  1. biceps femoris - long head
  2. semimembranosus
  3. semitendinosus
  4. sartorius
  5. gracilis
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14
Q

flexors that act at the knee and ankle (2)

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • plantaris
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15
Q

extensors that act at the knee only (3)

A
  1. vatus medialis
  2. vastus lateralis
  3. vastus intermedius
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16
Q

flexors that act only at the knee (2)

A

biceps femoris short head

popliteus - originates posterior tibia

  • inserts outer surface lateral femoral condyle
  • unlocks straight knee, controls locking of knee by slowing internal rotation, a bit of flexion
  • innervated by tibial nerve L4, L5, S1
17
Q

what is the nerve supply to the knee joint (4)

A
  1. femoral
  2. tibial
  3. common peroneal
  4. obturator
18
Q

cutaneous nerve supply to the knee (4)

A
  1. saphenous nerve
  2. femoral cutaneous:
    lateral
    intermediate
    medial
    posterior
  3. lateral cutaneous of the calf
  4. a bit of obturator
19
Q

8 arteries, supplied by 4 larger arteries supply the knee:

A
  1. popliteal
    superior lateral genicular
    superior medial genicular
    inferior lateral genicular
    inferior medial genicular
  2. tibial
    anterior tibial recurrent
    posterior tibial recurrent
  3. femoral
    descending genicular
  4. lateral circumflex
    genicular
20
Q

the knee veins broadly accompany the arteries, which drain into the popliteal vein - what else drains into this vein (4)

A
  • posterior tibial
  • anterior tibial
  • small saphenous
  • the long saphenous communicates with the above veins and drains the medial knee
21
Q

describe the lymphatics in the knee region (2)

A
  1. 6 or 7 popliteal nodes in the fatty tissue of the popliteal fossa
  2. drains proximally towards the deep inguinal nodes
22
Q

what are abnormal knee positions (3)

A
  1. genu valgum
  2. genu varum
  3. genu recurvatum
23
Q

what are the tests for the cruciate ligaments (5)

A
  1. anterior drawer sign
  2. posterior drawer sign
  3. lachman test
  4. pivot shift test
  5. posterior sag test
24
Q

what test would be used to test meniscal injury

A

apley compression test

25
Q

who are most prone to patellofemoral joint syndrome (2)

A

young athletic individuals
obese adolescent females

Anatomy (9 decks)

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