Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Classification > Plantae > Flashcards

Plantae Flashcards

1
Q

Algae
Location
Occur
Association
On

A

Largely aquatic [fresh, marine water ]
Moist stones , soils, wood
Fungi [ lichens ]
Animals eg on sloth bear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Algae’s forms

A

Unicellular
Filamentous
Colonial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unicellular algae eg

Profess ed / massive body

A

Chlamydomonas = mobile unicellular algae flagella
Chlorella = non motile , space food
Acetabularia = longest unicellular plant
Kelp largest algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Colonial algae
No. Of cells Called
Eg
Mukticellular filamentous algae ( also known as)

A

In a colony is fixed. Coenobium
Volvox - motile colony

Eg ulothrix = pond wood
spirogyra = pond silk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Co2 fixation on earth
As the producers, algae are
Algae as food
Eg

A

At least half of it carried by algae
Are of paramount [ very much] important as primary producer
About 70 species of marine algae are used as food
Eg porphyra , Laminaria , sargassum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Algae are divided into

A

Chlorophyta = green algae = advanced algae
Phaeophyta = brown algae
Rhodophyta = red algae =. Primitive algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chlorophyceae
Habitat
Unicellular algae

A

Green algae
Are cosmopolitan in nature
Chlamydomonas = motile unicellular algae [fagella)
Chlorella = non motile
Acetebulara = largest unicellular plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Colonial green algae
Multicellular filamentous
Green algae cell wall
Stored food

A

Volvox = motile colony
Ulothrix, spirogyra
Usually have a rigid cell wall made up of inner layer of cellulose and outer layer of pectose
Starch as stored food / oil droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Green Algae pigments
Colour
Location ( of pigments)
Similar to ( basis)
One or more______ +nt in chloroplast
Contain

A

Chlorophyll - chl a,b , beta carotene , xanthophyll yellow colour
Grass green
Localised in definite chloroplast
To higher plants [ on basis of pigments, stared food, cell wall ]
One or more pyrenoids are also present in chloroplast as storage bodies
Contain protein besides starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Green algae vegetative reproduction
A sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction

A

Fragmentation
By flagellated zoospore = favourable condition
Aplanospore, hypnospore, akinetes = unfavourable condition
Isogamous, anisogamous, oogamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Green algae.
Economical importance
Food
Space research
Flagella no

A

Chlorella = large amount of protein
Space research = chlorella food, o2
2-8 equal apical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Algae
First
Found in
Present

A

Thallophyta
Plant on earth
Aquatic habitat
Air canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thallophyta
Thallus is
Absent
_______ of plant kingdom

A

Not differentiated into leaf ‘ steam. ‘ root, flower , fruit , seed
Vascular tissue [ xylem, phloem are absent ], plant cambium, secondary plant, no wood formation
Pisces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sexual reproduction
Isogamy
Anisogamy
Oogamy

A

Chlodophora, ectocorpus, spiroggra , ulothrix
Eudonira
Volvex , fucus , Chora, red algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phycocolloids
Has
Brown algae
Green algae

A

Algae cell wall
Gelatinous coating / hydrocolloids
High water holding. Capacity
Algine
Carragin
Agar agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Algin fn
Used ( manufacture )

A

Brown algae = protects brown - algae against desiccation and shock
In ice cream ( as thickening agent ), soap , polish , cream , plastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Class = phaeophyceae
Habitat
Are
Great variation
Range

A

Brown algae / sea weeds / kelps
Primarily in marine water, rarely in fresh water
Multicellular filamentous
In size and form
From simple branched filamentous forms [ ectocorpus] to
Profusely branched forms as kelps [ height = 100 m ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brown algae
Attached to ( by)
Has stalk like
Leaf like
Known as

A

Substratum by a hold fast
Stalk [ stipe]
PhotOsynthetic part frond or lamina
Leafy algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brown algae
Cell wall
Protoplast
Stored. Food
Flagella

A

Cellulosic wall usually covered on outside by a gelatinous coating of algin
Contains plastid , centrally located vacuole and nucleus
Laminarin or mannitol - both are complex carbohydrate
2 unequal lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brown algae pigment

Colour

A

Chlorophyll - a, c
Beta carotene
Xanthophylls = fucoxanthin ( brown)
From olive green to various shade of brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brown algae
Vegetative reproduction
Asexual (shape)
Sexual
Gamete’s union
Gametes are

A

By fragmentation
By biflagellated zoospore that are pear shape and have two unequal laterally attached
Flagella
Isogamous, anisogamous , oogamous
Takes place in water or with in the oogoniun
Are pyriform ( pear shaped ) , have two unequal laterally attached flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Brown algae eg =

A

Ek = ectocorpus
Di di = dictyota
Sagg = sargassum
Lai = laminaria [ ← order of kelp
Funkt = fucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Brown algae
Haplodiplostic
Diplontic
Used as food
Giant algae
Iodine , bromine

A

Ectocorpus & kelp
Fucus
Sargassum , laminaria
Kelp
Laminaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Red algae
Habitat
Occur
No
Cell wall
May-secrete

A

Found in marine water with greater concentration found in warmer algae
Lighted region close to surface of water, at great depth in ocean where little light penetrate
No motile stage
Complex = cellulose, pectin with poly sulphate ester
And deposite calcium carbonate and appear like corals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Red thalli Of red algae
Pigments
Similar to

A

Multicellular. Some have complex body organisation
Chl a, d
, beta carotene
, R - phycoerythrin( red ), R- phycocyanin
To blue green algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Red algae Stored food
Vegetative reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Accompanied by
Haplo diplonatic

A

Floridean starch which is very similar to glycogen and amylopectin in structure
Fragmentation
Non motile spore , flagella absent
Occur by non mobile gamete, oogamus
Complex post fertilization development
Polysiphonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Red algae e g
Used as food
Agar agar

Carrageen

A

Pg2
Porphyra = edible algae
Gelidium and gracilaria = agar - agree obtains used to prepare culture medium to Grow microbes and in preparation of ice cream and jellies
Polysiphonia
Chondrus crispus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

According to two kingdom classification Thallophyta
Male sex organ
Female sex organ
Sex organ are
Sexual reproduction takes place

A

All algae , fungi, prokaryotes were placed in it as their body is thallus
Antheridia
Oogania
Unicellular & jacketless ( jacket = layer of sterile cells)
Through zygotic meiosis , embryo is not formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Thallophyta unique character
Algae refer
Cryptogams
Phanerogams

A

Absence of embryo formation so also known as nonembroyophytes
Aquatic , photosynthetic , thalloid body , chl a
Do not produce seeds include Thallophyta , bryophytes , pteridophyte
Produce seeds include gymnosperm angiosperm

30
Q

Bryophyte
Habitat
First
Originated
Known as

A

Are sciophytes I e they prefer to grow in moist ( wet ), shady place in hills
First land plant
From aquatic plant
Amphibians of plant kingdom because these plants con live in soil but are dependant on water for Fertilization

31
Q

Bryophytes not considered as
Can not
Water conduction
Proof that it developed from Thallophyta
Absent

A

Successful land plants because vascular tissue are absent , need water for Fertilization
Grow very tall ( cause vascular tissue absent
Takes place with the help of parenchyma ( living tissue )
Air canal present
Cambium → secondary growth absent → wood formation not occur, root absent

32
Q

Main plant body of bryophyte is
Produce
Sex organ are
Male sex organ. Female sex organ
Male sex organ produce. Produce

A

Haploid
produces gametes , hence called gametophyte
Multicellular and jacketed
Antheridium archegonium ( flask shape
Bïflagellated antherzoids. Single egg

33
Q

Anthropoids released in
Bryophytes Fertilization
Result ( doesn’t )
Produce

A

Water where they came in contact with archegonium
By zoidogamy i.e male gamete swims in to water to reach the female gametes and fertilises it
Zygote does not undergo meiosis immediately a diploid zygote is formed.
A multicellular body called sporophyte

34
Q

Sporophyte of Bryophyta is
Made up of
Spore mother cells

A

Not free living but attached to photosynthetic gametophyte and derive nourishment from it
Of foot ,sets , capsule
Present in capsule undergo Meloses to produce haploid spore

35
Q

Direct germination
Indirect germination
Protonema
Bud
Best for survival

A

E-g liverworts & hornworts
Mosses
Î a multicellular filament is formed after germination of spore
Lateral bud formed on proto Nema
Indirect germination

36
Q

Sexual reproduction in bryophytes
Life cycle
Unique character of bryophytes

A

Of oogamous type
Haplodiplontic type
Sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte

37
Q

Bryophyta divided

A

Hepaticopsida = liverwort
Anthonerotpsida =
Bryopsida or musci = mosses

38
Q

Liverworts
Shape
Habitat eg

Plant body is ( attach)

A

Like liver eg marchantia or flat eg riccia
Usually grow in moist, shady habitat such as banks of streams, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of tree l deep in woods
Dorsiventral thalloid and closely approved. To substrate by help of rhozoïds

39
Q

Liverworts
Rhizoids
Scales
The leafy members have

A

Unicellular and un branched
Multicellular
Tiny leaf like appendages in two rows on the stem like structure eg porella

40
Q

Liverworts
Asexual / vegetative

Special structure are
Develop in

A

By fragmentation of thalli
By formation of specialised structures called Gemmae
Gemmas are green, multi cellular, asexual buds
Small receptacle called Gemma cups

41
Q

Sporophyte of liverwort
Exception
Depend
After meiosis
Simplest sporophyte

A

Differentiated in foot, seta, capsule
In riccia sporophyte made up of only capsule
Completely on gametophyte for food water habitat
Spores. Produced within the capsule
Riccia

42
Q

Elaters are and their fn
Eg
Unisexual
Bisexual

A

Are hygroscopic and they help in dispersal of spore
Riccia, marchantia , porella
Male , female sex organ on different thallus eg marchantia
-“ -1-1. On same thallus eg riccia

43
Q

Bryopsida
Predominant phase
1 stage ( developed from)
It is a

A

Of life cycle of moss is gametophyte which consist of 2 stage
Is protonema stage which directly develops from spore
Profonema is a creeping, green, branched, frequently filamentous stage

44
Q

Mosses
2 nd stage ( developed from)
It consist of
Rhizoids
Fn
Unique characters of mosses

A

Is the leafy stage which develops from secondary protonema as a lateral bud
Of upright, slender axis bearing spirally arranged leaves
multicellular , branched, oblique
Attach bud to soil
Presence of leaf like structure in gametophyte

45
Q

Mosses vegetative reproduction
During sexual reproduction sex organ ( location)
After Fertilization
They are more

A

Fragmentation and budding in secondary protonema
Sex organs are produced at apex of leafy shoots
Zygote develop into sporophyte
Sporophyte are move developed than in liverwards

46
Q

Mosses
Sporophyte divided into
Dependence
Spore dispersal
Help

A

Foot, Seta , capsule
Also partially dependent in it is photosynthetic
Have an elaborate mechanism of spare dispersal
Peristomial teeth help _

47
Q

Mosses example

A

Funaria = rope moss
Polytrichum = hair cap moss
Sphagnum = peat moss

48
Q

Peat moss is a
Formation, grows
No of bacteria
+nt in form of

A

A fossil fuel that is obtained from bog
Takes place by the fossilization of sphagnum, which grows in acidic bog
Is less in bug due to which degradation of dead cell could not take place
Of fossil

49
Q

Mosses
______ can absorb______ in very high amount
Because of these proporties
Great ecological importance

A

Sphagnum can absorb water in very high amount so it is used in form of absorbent cotton in Europe
Because of their capacity to hold water as packing material for trans-shipment of living material
Mosses along with lichen are the first organisms to colonise rocks

50
Q

Mosses and lichen decompose
Since mosses form
Mosses known as

A

Rocks making the substrate suitable for growth of higher plants
Dense mats on soil, they reduce the impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion
Carpet moss / mat moss

51
Q

Pteridophytes are ____ of plant kingdom
Are also
First terrestrial
Absent

A

Reptiles
Vascular cryptogams
Plant that posses vascular tissue i.e xylem, phloem
Vessels in xylem and companion cells in phloem are absent

52
Q

Pteridophyte more adapted because they have

Not completely
Plant body differentiated into

A

Vascular tissue is +nt in pteridophyte
Have roots
Successful terrestrial plants because they need water for Fertilization,
Root,stem,leaves

53
Q

Pteridophyte main plant body
Vascular tissue developed ,differentiated
Roots
Stem
Rhizome

A

Is sporophyte
Undeveloped,well differentiated
Primary root remain alive for some time than replaced by adventitious root
Erect or prostrate
if it is in underground then it is

54
Q

Megaphyllous pteridophyte
Eg
Microphyllus

A

Stem is smaller , leaves are large
Ferns
Stem is large ,leave are smaller
Eg selaginella

55
Q

Pteridophyte diploid/ haploid
Homosporous
Eg
Heterosporous
Eg

A

Sporophyte is diploid and they reproduce by spore formation
Spores are of similar kinds
Majority of pteridophyte
Produce two kind of spores
Eg selaginella , salvinia , Azolla marsilea

56
Q

Pteridophyte
Sporongia
⬆️formed at
Sporophyll
Trophophylls

A

Formation of spores takes place
At abaxial surface of leaves
Sporophyte bears sporangia that are subtended by leaf like appandeges
Normal photosynthetic leaves

57
Q

Cone
Unique character of pteridophyte
Spore mother cell +nt
Spore form
Spore germination

A

Or strobilli = sporophyll may form distinct compact structures
Sporophyll are also photosynthetic
In sporangia
By meiosis
Exosporic

58
Q

Pteridophyte prothallus
The spread of living pteridophyte
In homosporous pteridophythes ( gametophyte type )
Male sex organ female sex organ

A

Spore germinates to give rise inconspicuous, small but multicellular,free living ,photosynthetic thalloid gametophyte
Is limited and restricted to narrow geographical regions
Gametophyte is monoecious
Antheridium and archegonium

59
Q

Antherozoids are ( structure)
Exception
Fertilization takes place by
Zygote there after produces

A

Spiral and multiflagellate
Antherozoids of selaginella are spindle shaped and biflagellate
Zoidogamy
A multicellular, well differentiated sporophytes

60
Q

In plant kingdom gametophyte
Dominant phase of pteridophyte
Type of sexual reproduction in ⬆️
Life cycle
Sporophyte depends

A

Is always non vascular
Sporophyte
Oogamous
Diplo haplontic
Sporophyte and gametophyte are independent of each other

61
Q

Pteridophyte
Megaspore germinates to
Microspore germinates to
Male and female sex organ, gamete location

A

Female gametophyte
Male gametophyte
Male = outside the microsporangium
Female = inside the megasporangium

62
Q

Female gametophyte in pteridophyte
Development of zygote takes place in
Seed formation
Important step in evolution of seed habitat

A

Are retained on sporophyte for variable period
Within female gametophyte
Not able in pteridophyte because embryo comes out
Heterospory in them

63
Q

In some Pteridophyte prothallus is
Gametophyte are not prothallus

A

Saprophytic
In heterosporus pteridophyte like selaginella and salvinia
Cause it is very reduced

64
Q

Pteridophyte divided into

A

Psilopsida
Lycopsida
Sphenopsida
Pteropsida

65
Q

Psilopsida
Body differentiated
Eg

A

Most primitive vascular plant
Into stem (rhizome) ,scaly leaves ,rhizoids
Only living genus , psilotum ( a living fossil)

66
Q

Lycopsida or
Leaves
+nt
Eg
Use

A

Club moss
Microphylls
Sporongia,Sporophyll,strobilus/cone
Lycopodium,selaginella
Medicine

67
Q

Sphenopsida What included
Nodes
+nt ⬆️
Cone formed
Eg

A

Horse tail
Their stem is jointed
Scaly leaves on node
At apical part of aerial stem
Equisetum

68
Q

Pteropsida
Leaves
Eg

A

Largest group of pteridophyte
Megaphyllous I.e stem is small leave is large
Pteridium,pteris, marsilea, dryopteris
Adiantum , Azolla,salvinia

69
Q

Adiantum
Azolla

Salvinia

A

Walking fern ( due to rapid vegetative reproduction,spread very fast
Aquatic fern ( smallest pteridophyte and bio fertiliser
Bga , anabaena ⬆️ performs n2 fixation and increases rice production in paddy fields
Aquatic in nature

70
Q

Ferns are
Pteridophyte are very good

Sporocarp

A

Very beautiful so used for ornamental purposes
Soil binding plants
Also used for medicinal purposes
Some aquatic ferns Sporongia are formed in sporocarp
Eg Azolla, marsilea

Biological Classification (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions