Biological Classification Monera Flashcards

Question

Chemosynthetic Oxidise Eg Role

Answer 1

Various inorganic substance such as nitrates ammonia and use the released energy for this ATP production Nitrifying bacteria Nh3 to NO2 nitrosomonas / nitrococcus NO2 to NO3 nitrobacter In recycling nutrients like nitrogen phosphorus iron sulphur

Answer 2

Are important decomposes In making curd from milk , production of antibiotics, fixing nitrogen in legumes Some are pathogens to human being animals plants

Answer 3

Obtain food from dead and decaying organic matter Eg clostridium botulinum Obtain food from living organisms Eg mycobacterium tuberculosis ( t.b)

Answer 4

Form symbiotic relation with other organisms Convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and then into nitrogenous compounds like amino acid,NO3 or salts of ammonia Rhizobium

Answer 5

Azotobacter acetobacter aceti. ( it causes souring of wine] Clostridium botulinum, fermentation bacteria ( la.cfobaccilus) except acetobacter aceti Lactobacillus causes souring of Milk

Answer 6

Bacterial cell divides into two cells due to formation of septum ( partition Binary fission AMitosis

Answer 7

Under unfavourable condition Resistant to high temperature, radiations, antibiotics chemicals Due to presence of Ca- depicolinate Seen in bacillus

Answer 8

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( disease in human ) Vibrio cholerae (disease in human being ) Xanthomonas oryzae Are mostly gram -ve and non spare forming bacteria

Answer 9

Clostridium tetani Tt human being disease Salmonella typhi —————— Xanthomonas Citri plant disease Agrabacterium tumefaciens —————

Answer 10

Convert soil nitrates into nitrates then nitrogen Reduce fertility of soil Thiobacillus , pseudomonas

Answer 11

Clostridium botulinum [ obligate anaerobe ] Most lethal type of food poising Canned food

Answer 12

Convert protein [ decaying plants and animals] into ammonia eg bacillus Convert ammonia in to nitrite NO2 and later into nitrate NO3 Nitrosomonas, nitrobacter Convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and then into nitrogenous compounds like amino acids, nitrate

Answer 13

Rhizobium = found in root nodules of legumes Frankia ( filamentous bacteria) = found in root nodules of non legumes plant casuarina and Alnus Azotobacter , berjernickia [ aerobe ] , Rhoda spirillum [anaerobe ]

Answer 14

First discovered antibiotic from bacteria was streptomycin [from streptomyces bacteria) Acetobacter aceti Separation of plant fires by help of bacteria E-coli and Agrobacterium gram - ve bacteria

Answer 15

Organism that produced O2 on our earth Chlorophyll ‘a → similar to green plant Carotenoids - yellow C - phycocyanin - blue C- pays erythrin-red Trichodesmium

Answer 16

Eg Spirulina ( it has large amount of proteins . Grown artificially in water tanks . Fodder for cattle Surround by gelatinous sheath. Eg anabaena E.g oscillatoria , nostac

Answer 17

Anabaena and nostoc Eg IN leaves of Azolla In corralled roots of cycas Azolla → if grown with rice then the production ↑up to 50 % as anabena is found in leaves of Azolla

Answer 18

eg spirulina By hormogonia (hormocyst ) formation , filamentous prokaryotes Eg oscillatoria Unfavourable Eg akinete formation in nostoc

Answer 19

To be born on our planet oldest living fossils Anaerobe Thermococcus , methonococcus methanobacterium Complex polysaccharides and complex poly peptide Consist of Moro layer of branched chain lipids More resistance capacity

Answer 20

Methane producing archeabacteria Co2 of swampy areas ( marshy ) into methane ch4 Methanococcus , methonomicrobium Rumen or got of sever al ruminants animals as symboitic organisms Production of methane / biogas

Answer 21

Cracks bacteria found in highly saline area marine Found at where temp is about 80°C to 100°C, ph = 2 Found in hot sulphur springs also in Himalayan region

Answer 22

Smallest living cells Absent Pleomorphism and this called as joker of microbiology Osmotrophic (absorption of nutrients by osmosis)

Answer 23

Antibio tics like penicillin which act on cell wall To tetracycline and chloramphenicol act on metabolic activities With out oxygen Pathogenic in animals and plants Soil Bacterial structure , in behaviour Which grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments

Answer 24

Unicellular Eukaryotes Are primarily aquatic Of plants, animals, fungi and hence boundary of this kingdom are not well defined Holophytic / photosynthetic Holozoic Osmotrophic / absorption Mixotrophic eg euglena

Answer 25

Dinoflagellates ' Euglenoid's Protozoans In sexual reproduction two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote ( Fertilization ) S simplest way of sexual . Fusing gamete are morphological similar but physiologically may be similar / dissimilar Gametes morphologically dissimilar but physiologically they may be smaller ot dissimilar

Answer 26

Develop form of Anisogamy Gamete z small, motile or immotile Gamete is large and immobile, human n → 2n only zygote tic phase diploid and all remaining phase haploid Zygotic. Meiosis 2 n→n→ 2n. Only gametic phase is haploid and remains phase are diploid Gametic meiosis

Answer 27

Dinophyceae _ protests with two flagella Marine surface, photosynthetic Yellow, green, brown, blue or red depending on main pigment present Holophytic, autotrophic Divided in to stiff, plates, made up of cellulose Seen as armoured so they called armoured algae

Answer 28

One is transverse ether is longitudinal Like whirling whips. Chlorophyll a, c, xanthophills ( dinoxanthin , didinoxanthin ) Starch Mainly asexual- binary fission Show bioluminescence du e to present of photogenic grande's in cy toplasm Night light, sea goos t

Answer 29

Red dinoflagellates undergo rapid division = sea tide Red Sea Both gymnodinium , gonyaulax secrete toxins cause parlays is in human May kill other marine animals such as fishes Appear as glow in light due to bioluminescence

Answer 30

Diatoms, golden algae [desmids] In fresh water as well as marine environment Cell form two thin over lapping shells made ud of cellulose which fit together as in soap box With silica s walls are in destructible Over billions of yers is referred as diatomaceous earth or Keiselgurh

Answer 31

Chlorophyll a, c . Xanthophyll [fucoxanthin] Golden coloured. Due to ↑ Chief, producers in ocean due to very high no. Of them in ocean Leucosin ( Chrysolaminarin) and fats oil Absent Float passively on surface of water (plankton) due to loco molecular wight shared fat Mainly a sexy al-binary fission

Answer 32

Sound proofing Filtration of oils and syrups Stone polishing As heat insulator in steam boilers cause silica is bad conductor of heat

Answer 33

Absent instead it has protein rich layer pellicle which makes their body flexible Mostly fresh water, Stagnant water, lakes, ponds, damp soil, brackish water Presence of sun light = autotrophic Deprived of sun light = heterotrophs , predating on smaller organisms

Answer 34

From base of reservoir [ anterior cavity) Have 2 flagella short and long one [funtional ] Eye spot present at anterior position Contractile vacuole Haploid

Answer 35

Chlorophyll a, b. Xanthophyll [zeaxanthin] Identical to higher plants Parmylum and fat Asexual repor duction bg longitudinal binary fission

Answer 36

Myxomycete's Organisms develop a slime mass at time of their vegetative phase False fungi Saprophytic Delaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material Absent

Answer 37

Form an aggregation which may grow and spread over several feet called as plasmodium Plasmodium differentiate and forms fronting bodies which bear spores at their tip True wall Extremely resistant, sur vive

Answer 38

Kingdom of heterotrophic organisms In their morphology and habitat On moist bread, butter, leather, wood, pickle rotten fruits Or parasites on plant [ white spot on mustard leaves ] and animals

Answer 39

Cosmopolitan and occur in air, water , soil and on animal and plant Perfor to grow in worm and humid place Chlorophyll and chloroplasts

Answer 40

Heterotrophs Obtain food from dead substrate or organic matter Nutrition is of absorptive type Obtain food from living organism such as plants, animals, human beings Haustoria

Answer 41

Heterotrophs Predators / parasites Primitive relatives of animals

Answer 42

Live in fresh water, sea water, moist soil By putting out pseudopodia [false feet ] Silica. Shells on their surface Entamoeba

Answer 43

Free-living or parasitic Flagella Trypanosome - sleeping sickness

Answer 44

Aquatic Actively moving organisms because of presence of thousand of cilia Gullet that opens to outside of cell surface Coordinated movement of now's of cilia causes the water laden with food to be steered into gullet Paramoreiam [ 2 nucleus 1macro long 2 micro short ]

Answer 45

Includes diverse. Organisms that have an infectious spore like stage in their life cycle Plasmodium [malarial parasites ]

Answer 46

Some fungi ore found symbiotically associated with algae Fungi symbiotically associated in roots of higher plants

Answer 47

Unicellular Filamentous Consist of long slender thread like structure Mycelium Hyphae are continuous filled with multinucleatel cytoplasm Have septal or cross walls in their hyphae