Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Classification > Biological Classification Monera > Flashcards

Biological Classification Monera Flashcards

1
Q

Father of biology & father of zoology
Used

A

Aristotle
Simple morphological character to classify plants into herbs,shrub , trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Father of ancient plant taxonomy / father of botany
Plant classified

A

Theophrastus
Trees
Shrubs
Under shrubs
Herbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Father of taxonomy
Classification ( kingdom)
On basis of

A

Carolus Linnaeus
Two kingdom classification
Plantae , animal
Cell wall only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In two kingdom classification prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Ore placed in same group Plantae
Pro= bacteria, bGA
Eukaryotes = fungi, mosses/bryophytes fern/pteridophytes Angiospermae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In two kingdom class. Unicellular & multicellular

A

Uni = chlomydomonas, chlorella
Multi = spirogyra
Under plantae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two kingdom classi
Heterotrophic fungi
Autotrophic green plants
Cell wall
Paramecium ,algae

A

Chitin
Cellulose

Under animal as cell wall is absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Royal botanical garden curator
Book
Gave

A

George Bentham / Joseph Dalton hooker
Genera platinum
Natural classification of spermatophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Davison - spermatophyta
No two kingdom classification

A

202 families
Class dicotyledonae 165 families
Class gymnospernae 3
Class Monocotyledonae 34

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Merit of Bentham & Hooker classification

A

Based on floral character
Was natural formal
Based on actual observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Demerits of Bentham & Hooker

A

Phylogeny is not considered
Phylogeny = gymnosperm - dicot-monocot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Five kingdom classification given by
Kingdoms

A

R.H Whittaker
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Five kingdom class-criteria

A

Cell structure [ complexity of Cell)
Thallus organi./ body organisation (complexity of organism)
Mode of nutrition
Reproduction
Phylogenetic relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kingdoms
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Nuclear membrane

A

Monera (absent)
Protista fungi Plantae Animalia (present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cell wall body organisation
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

A

Non cellulosio[ polysaccharide + amino acid ] cellular
Present in some. Cellular
Present (chitin). Multicellular/loose tissue
Present cellulose tissue / organ
Absent tissue /organ / organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mode of nutrition
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

A

Autotrophic [chemosynthetic, photosynthetic], mostly heterotrophic [saprophyte s parasites]
Mostly Autotrophic ( photosynthetic) heterotrophic
Heterotrophic ( saprophytic / parasite )
Autotrophic ( photosynthetic )
Heterotrophic ( holozoic / saprophytic )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

three-domain system
Given by
Also is , basis
Divided into

A

Carl Woese
Six kingdom classification
3 domains
Into ( basis of 16rRNa sequence )Bacteria = kingdom eubacteria
Archaea = kingdom archaebacteria
Eukarya = kingdom Protista, fungi , Plantae , Animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cell wall prokaryotes made up of
Cell membrane
Periplasmic space

A

Peptidoglycan /murein composed of polysaccharide and amino acid
Lipopro of in
Space b/w cell wall and cell mem . Analogous to lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Eubacteria character
Shape
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum
Vibrium

A

Rigid cell wall and if motile a flagellum
Spherical
Rod shaped
Spiral
Comma shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Basal body
Outer pair inner pair

A

Lies within cell wall and cell mem
Proteinaceous rod shaped
LP
SM gram + ve bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Photosynthetic structure eg

A

Purple ( sulphur and non sulphur ) = bacteriochlorophyll a & b
Green sulphur bacteria = bacteriochlorophyll a bacterioviridin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Plasmid
Also known as
Ability
Eg

A

Small circular DNA outside the genomic DNA
Extra chromosomal extra nuclear extragenomic
Ability to replicate independently
Certain unique phenetypic characters eg antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

F plasmid
Episome
Rfactor

A

F+ act as donor . male
F- act as recipient female
F plasmid is attached to main DNA it is designed as episome and it is known as Hfr ( high frequency recombinant )
Resistance to certain antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most extensive metabolic diversity
Vast majority

A

Bacteria
Heterotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Photosynthetic autotrophic
H donor
Eg

A

Bacterial photosynthesis h donor is not water so they do not release o2 hence non oxygenic photosynthesis
Purple sulphur bacteria = chromatium
Green sulphur bacteria = chlorobium
Purple non sulphur bacteria = rhodospirillum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Chemosynthetic
Oxidise
Eg
Role

A

Various inorganic substance such as nitrates ammonia and use the released energy for this ATP production
Nitrifying bacteria
Nh3 to NO2 nitrosomonas / nitrococcus
NO2 to NO3 nitrobacter
In recycling nutrients like nitrogen phosphorus iron sulphur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Heterotrophic
Majority of heterotrophic bacteria
Useful
Harmful

A

Are important decomposes
In making curd from milk , production of antibiotics, fixing nitrogen in legumes
Some are pathogens to human being animals plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Saprophytic bacteria
Eg
Parasitic bacteria

A

Obtain food from dead and decaying organic matter
Eg clostridium botulinum
Obtain food from living organisms
Eg mycobacterium tuberculosis ( t.b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Symbiotic bacteria
Fn
Eg

A

Form symbiotic relation with other organisms
Convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and then into nitrogenous compounds like amino acid,NO3 or salts of ammonia
Rhizobium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Aerobic bacteria
Anaerobic bacteria

A

Azotobacter acetobacter aceti. ( it causes souring of wine]
Clostridium botulinum, fermentation bacteria ( la.cfobaccilus) except acetobacter aceti
Lactobacillus causes souring of Milk

30
Q

Under favourable conditions

A

Bacterial cell divides into two cells due to formation of septum ( partition
Binary fission
AMitosis

31
Q

Endospore

Eg

A

Under unfavourable condition
Resistant to high temperature, radiations, antibiotics chemicals
Due to presence of Ca- depicolinate
Seen in bacillus

32
Q

T.b
Cholera
Bacterial leaf blight of rice
Plant pathogenic bacteria

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( disease in human )
Vibrio cholerae (disease in human being )
Xanthomonas oryzae
Are mostly gram -ve and non spare forming bacteria

33
Q

Tetanus
Typhoid
Citrus canker
Crown gall in many plants

A

Clostridium tetani Tt human being disease
Salmonella typhi ——————
Xanthomonas Citri plant disease
Agrabacterium tumefaciens —————

34
Q

Denitrifying bacteria

Eg

A

Convert soil nitrates into nitrates then nitrogen
Reduce fertility of soil
Thiobacillus , pseudomonas

35
Q

Botulism =

A

Clostridium botulinum [ obligate anaerobe ]
Most lethal type of food poising
Canned food

36
Q

Ammonification eg
Nitrification
Eg
Nitrogen fixation

A

Convert protein [ decaying plants and animals] into ammonia eg bacillus
Convert ammonia in to nitrite NO2 and later into nitrate NO3
Nitrosomonas, nitrobacter
Convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and then into nitrogenous compounds like amino acids, nitrate

37
Q

Symbiotically eg
Asymbiotically eg

A

Rhizobium = found in root nodules of legumes
Frankia ( filamentous bacteria) = found in root nodules of non legumes plant casuarina and Alnus
Azotobacter , berjernickia [ aerobe ] , Rhoda spirillum [anaerobe ]

38
Q

Antibiotics
First bacteria
Vinegar
Retting of fibre
Genetic engineering

A

First discovered antibiotic from bacteria was streptomycin [from streptomyces bacteria)
Acetobacter aceti
Separation of plant fires by help of bacteria
E-coli and Agrobacterium gram - ve bacteria

39
Q

Blue green algae
First
Pigments
Green
Yellow
Blue
Red
Red Sea

A

Organism that produced O2 on our earth
Chlorophyll ‘a → similar to green plant
Carotenoids - yellow
C - phycocyanin - blue
C- pays erythrin-red
Trichodesmium

40
Q

Unicellular BGA eg use
Colonial
Filamentous

A

Eg Spirulina ( it has large amount of proteins . Grown artificially in water tanks . Fodder for cattle
Surround by gelatinous sheath. Eg anabaena
E.g oscillatoria , nostac

41
Q

BGA symbiotic form
Eg
Grown with rice

A

Anabaena and nostoc
Eg IN leaves of Azolla
In corralled roots of cycas
Azolla → if grown with rice then the production ↑up to 50 % as anabena is found in leaves of Azolla

42
Q

Vegetative reproduction (bacteria )
Binary fission
Fragmentation
Eg
Asexual

A

eg spirulina
By hormogonia (hormocyst ) formation , filamentous prokaryotes
Eg oscillatoria
Unfavourable
Eg akinete formation in nostoc

43
Q

Archeabacteria
First , Known as
Aerobe / anaerobe
E.g that contain protein homologous to eukaryotic core histone
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Consists fn

A

To be born on our planet oldest living fossils
Anaerobe
Thermococcus , methonococcus methanobacterium
Complex polysaccharides and complex poly peptide
Consist of Moro layer of branched chain lipids
More resistance capacity

44
Q

Methonogens
Convert
Eg
Present in
Responsible for

A

Methane producing archeabacteria
Co2 of swampy areas ( marshy ) into methane ch4
Methanococcus , methonomicrobium
Rumen or got of sever al ruminants animals as symboitic organisms
Production of methane / biogas

45
Q

Halophile
Thermoacidophiles
Found name

A

Cracks bacteria found in highly saline area marine
Found at where temp is about 80°C to 100°C, ph = 2
Found in hot sulphur springs also in Himalayan region

46
Q

Mycoplasma
Are. Known
Cell wall
Exhibit , called as
Nutrition

A

Smallest living cells
Absent
Pleomorphism and this called as joker of microbiology
Osmotrophic (absorption of nutrients by osmosis)

47
Q

Mycoplasma resistant to
Sensitive to
Can survive
Are
Richest source of bacteria
Simple , complex
Borophillic prokaryotes

A

Antibio tics like penicillin which act on cell wall
To tetracycline and chloramphenicol act on metabolic activities
With out oxygen
Pathogenic in animals and plants
Soil
Bacterial structure , in behaviour
Which grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments

48
Q

Protista are
Location
Characters of
Nutrition

A

Unicellular Eukaryotes
Are primarily aquatic
Of plants, animals, fungi and hence boundary of this kingdom are not well defined
Holophytic / photosynthetic
Holozoic
Osmotrophic / absorption
Mixotrophic eg euglena

49
Q

Protesta
Flagella
Cilia
Syngamy
Isogamy
Anisogamy

A

Dinoflagellates ‘ Euglenoid’s
Protozoans
In sexual reproduction two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote ( Fertilization )
S simplest way of sexual . Fusing gamete are morphological similar but physiologically may be similar / dissimilar
Gametes morphologically dissimilar but physiologically they may be smaller ot dissimilar

50
Q

Oogamy
Male
Female
Haplontic life cycle
Meiosis
Diplotic life cycle
Meiosis

A

Develop form of Anisogamy
Gamete z small, motile or immotile
Gamete is large and immobile, human
n → 2n only zygote tic phase diploid and all remaining phase haploid
Zygotic. Meiosis
2 n→n→ 2n. Only gametic phase is haploid and remains phase are diploid
Gametic meiosis

51
Q

Dinoflagellates
Location
Appear colour
Nutrition
Cell wall
Covering called

A

Dinophyceae _ protests with two flagella
Marine surface, photosynthetic
Yellow, green, brown, blue or red depending on main pigment present
Holophytic, autotrophic
Divided in to stiff, plates, made up of cellulose
Seen as armoured so they called armoured algae

52
Q

Dinoflagellates flagella
Movement
Pigment
Stored food
Reproduction
They show
So known as

A

One is transverse ether is longitudinal
Like whirling whips.
Chlorophyll a, c, xanthophills ( dinoxanthin , didinoxanthin )
Starch
Mainly asexual- binary fission
Show bioluminescence du e to present of photogenic grande’s in cy toplasm
Night light, sea goos t

53
Q

Gonyaulax
They secrete
Fire algae

A

Red dinoflagellates undergo rapid division = sea tide Red Sea
Both gymnodinium , gonyaulax secrete toxins cause parlays is in human
May kill other marine animals such as fishes
Appear as glow in light due to bioluminescence

54
Q

Chrysophyta contain
Location
Cell wall in diatoms
Walls are embedded
Accumulation

A

Diatoms, golden algae [desmids]
In fresh water as well as marine environment
Cell form two thin over lapping shells made ud of cellulose which fit together as in soap box
With silica s walls are in destructible
Over billions of yers is referred as diatomaceous earth or Keiselgurh

55
Q

Diatoms pigments
Colour
They are
Stored food
Flagella
Movement
Reproduction

A

Chlorophyll a, c . Xanthophyll [fucoxanthin]
Golden coloured. Due to ↑
Chief, producers in ocean due to very high no. Of them in ocean
Leucosin ( Chrysolaminarin) and fats oil
Absent
Float passively on surface of water (plankton) due to loco molecular wight shared fat
Mainly a sexy al-binary fission

56
Q

Use of keiselgruh

A

Sound proofing
Filtration of oils and syrups
Stone polishing
As heat insulator in steam boilers cause silica is bad conductor of heat

57
Q

Euglenoids
Cell wall , it had
Location
Found in
Nutrition

A

Absent instead it has protein rich layer pellicle which makes their body flexible
Mostly fresh water,
Stagnant water, lakes, ponds, damp soil, brackish water
Presence of sun light = autotrophic
Deprived of sun light = heterotrophs , predating on smaller organisms

58
Q

Euglenoids
Flagella originated
No of flagella
Eye spot
Osmoregulation
Nucleus

A

From base of reservoir [ anterior cavity)
Have 2 flagella short and long one [funtional ]
Eye spot present at anterior position
Contractile vacuole
Haploid

59
Q

Euglenoid
Pigments

Stored food
Reproduction

A

Chlorophyll a, b. Xanthophyll [zeaxanthin]
Identical to higher plants
Parmylum and fat
Asexual repor duction bg longitudinal binary fission

60
Q

Slime moulds
Why name
Also called
Nutrition
Found in
Cell wall

A

Myxomycete’s
Organisms develop a slime mass at time of their vegetative phase
False fungi
Saprophytic
Delaying twigs and leaves engulfing organic material
Absent

61
Q

Slime mould reproduction
Under suitable condition
During unfavourable condition
Spore posses
Are

A

Form an aggregation which may grow and spread over several feet called as plasmodium
Plasmodium differentiate and forms fronting bodies which bear spores at their tip
True wall
Extremely resistant, sur vive

62
Q

Fungi
Unique
Great diversity
Seen on

A

Kingdom of heterotrophic organisms
In their morphology and habitat
On moist bread, butter, leather, wood, pickle rotten fruits
Or parasites on plant [ white spot on mustard leaves ] and animals

63
Q

Fungi are( occur)
Prefer to grow
Fungi do not have

A

Cosmopolitan and occur in air, water , soil and on animal and plant
Perfor to grow in worm and humid place
Chlorophyll and chloroplasts

64
Q

Most of fungi are
Saprophytic
Is Type of Î
Parasitic
Obtain nutrition with help of

A

Heterotrophs
Obtain food from dead substrate or organic matter
Nutrition is of absorptive type
Obtain food from living organism such as plants, animals, human beings
Haustoria

65
Q

Protozoans
Nutrition
Live as
Relative of

A

Heterotrophs
Predators / parasites
Primitive relatives of animals

66
Q

Ameboid protozoans
Habitat
Move and capture prey
Marine forms have what
Parasite eg

A

Live in fresh water, sea water, moist soil
By putting out pseudopodia [false feet ]
Silica. Shells on their surface
Entamoeba

67
Q

Flagellated protozoans
Are either
They have
Parasitic eg And cause

A

Free-living or parasitic
Flagella
Trypanosome - sleeping sickness

68
Q

Ciliated protozoans
Location
Moving
Cavity
Movement
Eg [ nucleus)

A

Aquatic
Actively moving organisms because of presence of thousand of cilia
Gullet that opens to outside of cell surface
Coordinated movement of now’s of cilia causes the water laden with food to be steered into gullet
Paramoreiam [ 2 nucleus 1macro long 2 micro short ]

69
Q

Sporozoan’s
In their life cycle
Eg causes disease

A

Includes diverse. Organisms that have an infectious spore like stage in their life cycle
Plasmodium [malarial parasites ]

70
Q

Lichens
Mycorrhiza

A

Some fungi ore found symbiotically associated with algae
Fungi symbiotically associated in roots of higher plants

71
Q

Yeast ( body structures )
Fungi are
Hyphae
Network of hyphae
Coenocytic hyphae
Other have

A

Unicellular
Filamentous
Consist of long slender thread like structure
Mycelium
Hyphae are continuous filled with multinucleatel cytoplasm
Have septal or cross walls in their hyphae

Biological Classification (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions