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Biological Classification > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall
Exception
Stared food

A

Chitin (fungal celhlose) and polysaccharide
Bell wall of members of class - oomycetes mainly made up of cellulose
Glycogen and oil

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2
Q

Reproduction in nonmycelial forms
Asexual reproduction ( in general fungi )
Formed by

A

Bud. Formation and fission
Conidia / sporangiospore
Mitotic division

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3
Q

Sporangiospore
Formed in
formed at
Called
Origin

A

Sporangia
Tip of fungal filament
Called as sporangiophore.
Endogeneously

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4
Q

Sporangiosperes types
Zoospore
Aplanospore

A

Sporangiospares formed in sporangia are flagellated and motile
are non flagellated and non mobile

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5
Q

Conidia
Origin
Fungal filament
Each comedian forms by

A

Exogenously
Formed at fungal filament called conidiophore
New fungal filament [ mycelium] by germination

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6
Q

Plasmogamy
Fusion
Result in ( phycomycetes ).
Other fungi [ ascomycetes and Basidiomycete’s]

A

Of protoplasm of two motile or non motile gametes
The fusion of two haploid cells immediately result in diploid cells
An intervening dikaryotic stage ( two nucelus) occur

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7
Q

Karyogamy
Meiosis

A

Parental nuclei fuse with each other to form a diploid nucleus known as synkoryon
Resulting in parental nuclei fuse with each other

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8
Q

Phycomycete’s also called as
Habitat
Parasite
Mycelia
Asexual. Reproduction

A

Lower fungi / algal fungi
Aquatic habitat / on decrying wood in moist/ damp place
Obligate parasite on plants
Fungal filament are coenocytic , aseptate, branched
By zoospore , aplanosphore , condo

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9
Q

Algal fungi
Sexual reproduction
Further classified into
Basis

A

May be isogamous, anisogamous,oogamous
Oomycetes , zygomycetes
Of sexual reproduction

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10
Q

Oomycetes
Asexual
Sexual
Eg

.

A

By sparangiospare [ zoospore ]& conidia
By gametangial contract, oogamous
Phytophthora infestans late blight disease of potato
Albugo causes= White rust / while spots disease in mustard [ bassicaceae / cruciferaes ]
Pythium species = Dumping rotting vegetables

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11
Q

Zygomycetes
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Bread mould

A

By sperangiospors [ aplanospores)
By comezangial copulation, Isogamous
Rhizopus
Mucor

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12
Q

Ascomycetes known as
Habitat
Multicellular / unicellular
Mycelium

A

Sac fungi
Suprophytic decomposers parasitic or coprophilous [ growing on dung ]
Mostly multiceller but rarely unicellular e.g yeast
Unifucleate, branched, septet pores +nt

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13
Q

’ Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Ascus
Ascospores
Minimum ascosphore But generally

A

By conidia
By somatogamy
Ascogenous hypha develops into a sac like structure
4 haploid sports are formed
4,8

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14
Q

Fruiting body
Why ascomycetes ( origin )
Beadle and Tatum

A

Ascocarp - mycelium grows around ascus end forms A covering of
Sexual spares are called ascospare which are produced endogenously in sac-like asci
‘proposed “one gene- one enzyme theory” in genetics by experimenting on neurospora
They were awarded Nobel prize

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15
Q

Ascomycete’s example
First 3

A

Penicillium = first discovered antibiotic
Aspergillus niger = weed of laboratory , produce citric acid
Claviceps purpurea = ergot disease of bajra and rye
Narcotic drug LSD

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16
Q

Ascomycete’s eg 2

A

Neurospora= “ drosophila of plant kingdom’. Used for study of genetics / biochemical studies in plant kingdom
Morchella , Truffles = edible and considered as delicacies

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17
Q

Yeast
Mycelia
Used as

A

Unicellular fungi
Absent
Fermentation agent in bakery [bread industry) and brewery

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18
Q

Basidiomycete’s called as
Grow in
Parasitic
Mycelia
Septa

A

Club fungi
Soil, on logs [ thick wooden pieces], tree stumps
In living plant bodies eg rusts, smuts
Branched, septet, ( uni or binucleate)
Dolipare septa

19
Q

Basidomycetes
Clamp connection used
Asexual reproduction
Vegetative reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Commonly known form

A

To change monokaryotic mycelium to dikaryotic mycelium
Absent
By fragmentation is common
By somatogamy
Mushroom, bracket fungi / puff ball

20
Q

Basidiomycete’s
Sex organ
Plasmogamy
Basidium
Karyogamy and meiosis ( origin , no )
Basidiocarp

A

Are absent
Is brought about by fusion of two vegetative / somatic cell of different strains/ genotype
Dikaryon is ultimately gives rise to basidium which is club shaped
Takes place in basidium producing four basidiospores exogenously
The basidia are arranged in fruiting body called basidiocarp

21
Q

Basidomyaetes eg

A

Puccinia = causes rust disease in wheat/ [rust fungi ]
Ustilago = causes loose smut of wheat [ smut fungi ] spreads by infected flowers & seeds
Mushroom
Umbrella like fungi often seen growing in grounds during rainy season
: Agarious bisporus = most delicious mushroom
: Amanita muscaria = world’s most poisonous mushroom [ toad -stool ]

22
Q

Basidomycetes eg 2

A

Bracket fungi= fruiting body similar to bracket
Puff ball fungi = fruiting body puff like

23
Q

Deuteromycetes also known as
Habitat
Trichoderma
Mycelium
Asexual reproduction

A

Fungi imperfecti
Saprophytic , parasitic , while a large no are de composers of litter
Help in mineral cycling e.g Trichoderma
Septum and branched
Takes place with help of conidia

24
Q

Deuteromycetes
Why imperfect fungi
Eg

A

Because only a sexual / vegetative phase found [ sexual absent)
Alternaria solani = early blight of potato
Colletotrichum falcatum = red rot of sugarcane
Trichoderma = help in mineral cycling

25
Q

Fungi classification basis

A

Morphology of mycelium
Mode of spore formation
And fruiting bodies formed during sexual reproduction

26
Q

Virus meaning
Given by
Can pass through
Reported by
That ( size )
Plant disease

A

Poisonous fluid I venom / secretion
Pasteur
Bacteria proof filters
D. J . Ivanowsky
Viruses are smaller than bacteria
Mosaic disease of Tabacco

27
Q

Virus called as
Demonstrated by
W. M Stanley showed ( year)
Place in classification

A

Contagium vivum fluidum ( infectious living fluid)
Beijerineck
Virus could be crystallized and crystals consist largely of protein [ 1935 ]
Is not there since they are not considered truly living ( cell structure )

28
Q

Virus are______ and _______ organisms
Parasite
Have either
Outside host cell
Once they infect a cell
Contain

A

Submicroscopic, non cellular
Obligate intracellular parasite
RNA or DNA
They are inert out side their specific host cell in crystalline form
They take over the machinery of host cell to replicate themselves
Nuclei acid + protein coat

29
Q

Virus
Spherical
Rod shaped
Tadpole like

A

Influenza virus
TMV
Bacteriophage

30
Q

Nucleic acid
Virus that infect plant have
Exception

Virus that infect animals
But some times

A

Either RNA / DNA
Have ssRNA
Cauliflower mosaic virus = ds DNA
Gemini virus =ss DNA
Ds DNA
Ss or dsRNA also present

31
Q

Protein coat known as
Small subunits
Fn
Nucleoprotein
Helical symmetry
Icosahedral

A

Capsid
↑ made up of small subunits called capsomere
Protecting the nuclei’s acid
Central core+ capsid
TMV
Polyhedral = bacteriophage

32
Q

TMV
Discovered by (year
Symmetry
Having (nucleic acid)
No of capsomere
%

A

Tobacco mosaic virus
D. Ivanowsky 1892
Helical
Ss RNA
2130
RNA = 5%
Protein = 95%

33
Q

Bacteriophage
Have ( nuclei acid)
Transduction
Plant disease caused by virus

A

Virus which infect bacteria
Ds DNA
Transfer of genetic material form one bacterium to another by bacteriophage
Tobacco mosaic disease
Leaf curl of papaya

34
Q

Virus
Plant symptoms

A

Mosaic formation
Leat rolling and curling
Yellowing and vein clearing
Dwarfing ( height stop )
Stunted growth

35
Q

Human disease caused by virus

A

Influenza
Mumps
Small pox , chiken pox
Herpes disease
Aids
Flu
Corona

36
Q

Viroids
Discovered by year
Size
Contain
Not
Cause

A

Free infectious RNA
T.O . Diener 1971
Smaller than viruses
Very low molecular weight RNA (ss RNA)
Protein coat
Potato spindle tuber disease

37
Q

Prions or
Consist of
Similar in
Causes ( in cattle)
In human

A

Slow viruses [ smallest proteinaceas infections agent)
Abnormally folded protein
Size to viruses
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE) common name = mad cow disease
Cr-Jacob disease [ CJ.D.]

38
Q

Lichens have

Major part of lichen

A

Algae ( phycobiont )
Fungi mycobiont
Thallus is composed of fungal component

39
Q

Lichen phycobiont fn
Mycobiont
Lichens are _____ Indicator
Are very sensitive So
During process of succession on rocks

A

Prepare food for algae and fungi (algae)
Provide shelter and absorbs minerals nutrients and water for its partner (fungus)
Are very good pollution indicators they do not grow in polluted area
To SO2 and die at higher level of SO2 . So are biological indicators of air pollution
Lichens are pioneer species

40
Q

Mycorrhiza
Association b/w
Fn

A

Roots of higher plants and fungus
Root = food and shelter from root
Fungi helps to root in absorption of water and minerals

41
Q

Fungi
Unique
Great diversity
Seen on

A

Kingdom of heterotrophic organisms
In their morphology and habitat
On moist bread, butter, leather, wood, pickle rotten fruits
Or parasites on plant [ white spot on mustard leaves ] and animals

42
Q

Fungi are( occur)
Prefer to grow
Fungi do not have

A

Cosmopolitan and occur in air, water , soil and on animal and plant
Perfor to grow in worm and humid place
Chlorophyll and chloroplasts

43
Q

Most of fungi are
Saprophytic
Type Î
Parasitic
Obtain nutrition with help of

A

Heterotrophs
Obtain food from dead substrate or organic matter
Nutrition is of absorptive type
Obtain food from living organism such as plants, animals, human beings
Haustoria

Biological Classification (5 decks)

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