Gymnosperm

Question 1

Gymnosperm
What not covered
Mainly found
In India

Answer 1

Naked seed
Ovule not enclosed by any wall
In cold regions
Found on the slope of Himaliayan mountains

Question 2

Gymnosperms water scarcity
Main plant body divided
Root are
Symbiotic

Answer 2

They have to face water scarcity,so are xerophyte
Into root,stem,leaves
Are generally tap root
Fungal association in form of mycorrhiza eg Pinus
Coralloid roots are associated with N2 fixing Cyanobacteria

Question 3

Stems (gymnosperm)
Unbranched
Branched
Leaves maybe
Cycas
Conifers

Answer 3

Cycas
Pinus, cedrus
May be simple or compound
The pinnate leaves persist for a few years
The needle like leaves reduces the surface area, their thick cuticle, sunken stomata also help to reduce water loss

Question 4

Spermatophyte plants
Gymnosperm lack
Aborescent
Gymnosperm include
Eg
Woody climbers eg

Answer 4

Seed bearing plants = gymnosperm , angios perm
Xylem lack vessels & phloem lack sieve tube and companion cells
Woody plants
Medium sized tree o tall tree and shrub
Ephedra
Eg gnetum ula

Question 5

Gymnosperms are – – – plants
Spore
Male cone
Within microsporangium
↑ origination

Answer 5

Hetersporous
Two kind of haploid spare = microspores & megaspore
The strobilli bearing microsporophylls and microsporangia
Many microspore mother cells are present which under go meiosis and produce many haploid microspore
Endosparic germination

Question 6

Microspore develop into
Cycas cell
Pinus cell
Development of pollen grain ( location)

Answer 6

Male gametophyte[ pollen grain ] which is high reduced and made of only limited no. Of cells
5 cell
6 cell
Take place within the microsporangium

Question 7

Gymnosperm
Monoecious
Dioecious
Megasporangium made up of
Ovule
Borne on

Answer 7

Male/ female come are borne on same tree e.g pinus
Male / female cones or megasporophylls are barns on different tree eg cycas
Of a diploid tissue also called nucellus
Nucellus is protected by envelops and composite structure
On megasporoPhylls which may he clustered to form female cone

Question 8

Gymnosperm Megastore mother cell divide
Endosperm
Diploid / haploid
Pollination
Each pollen grain produces

Answer 8

Meiotically to produce 4 haploid megaspores
The functional megas pare developed into female gametophyte
n
Wind pollination = anemophily
Pollen tube carrying two male gametes grow towards archegonia in ovule and release its content near the mouth of archegonia

Question 9

Seed gymnosperm
Spiphonogamy
Zoido - Spiphonogamy

Answer 9

Fertilized ovule having embryo
Male gametes are motile and formation of pollen tube
Eg Angiospermae gymnosperm
Lower gymnosperm, male gamete is motile

Question 10

Gametophyte
Bryophytes, pteridophyte
Angiospermae gymnosperm
Life cycle ⬆️

Answer 10

Independent free living existence
Depended on sporophyte
Diplontic

Question 11

Cynadophyta
Male gamete
Eg
Largest
Female cone

Answer 11

Lower gymnosperm
Motile
Cycas
Ovule,egg,male gametes and male cone
Absent

Question 12

Coniferophyta
Eg

Answer 12

Ginkgo = living fossil
Pinus
Cedrus = deodar
Sequoia = largest/ tallest tree , father of the forest

Question 13

Gnetales
Exception
Absent

Answer 13

Vessels in xylem,
Archegonium

Question 14

Require ment for seed formation

Largest group of plants
Occur
Smallest plant plant
Largest plant

Answer 14

Plant should be heterosporous
Germination of megaspore should be Endosporic
Angiospermae
Wide range of habitat
Wolfia , Eucalyptus

Question 15

Angiosp produce for sexual reproduction
Male sex organ
Made up of Î
Female sex organ
Made up of
Ovule + nt

Answer 15

Flower m
Stamen
Anther and filament
Stigma
Stigma, style, ovary
In ovary

Question 16

Angiospermae Pollen grains formed in and after
Nucellus
Megaspore formed by and after
Megaspore further forms
Male gametophyte also known as
Female gametophyte

Answer 16

In anther, after meiosis
Body of ovule is made of diploid tissue
One cell of Nucellus acts as megastore mother cell, after meiosis
7 called & 8 nucleated female gametophyte / embryo sac
Pollen grain
Embryo sac

Question 17

Each cell of Angiospermae embryo sac is . Reason
Embryo sac egg apparatus End
And End
And
Secondary nucleus

Answer 17

Haploid • embryo sac formation is preceded bg meiosis so it is haploid
3 called : one egg cell , 2 synergids micropyle
Antipodal cells. Chalazad end
Two polar nuclei
Polar nuclei fuse to form a diploid

Question 18

What produces pollen tube in Angiospermae
↑grows through
Î enters

Answer 18

The pollen grain germinates on stigma and produces
Which grows through the tissue of stigma and style and reach the ovule
Embry sac where it releases two male gametes a

Question 19

One male gamete fuse with
Other male gamete fused
Endosperm
Unique feature of Angiospermae
After Fertilization ovule converts into
Ovary converts into

Answer 19

With e g g cell to form a diploid zygote [ syngamy]
With diploid secondary nucleus to produce the 3n primary endosperm nucleus ( PEN)
It triploid nutritive tissue
Double fertilization
Into seed
Into fruit

Question 20

Monocot. Dicot
Leaf
Stem
Root
Flower

Answer 20

Parallel veination. Reticulate vernation
Non Woody. Woody
Fibrous root. Tap root
3 or multiple. 4,5 or multiple
Trinorous. Tetramerous , pentromerous