Plant Tissues

Question 1

Plants have what functions similar to animals?

Answer 1

1. Plants need to exchange gas with their surroundings
2. Plants require an internal transportation system to move water and nutrients around
3. Plants must be able to reproduce

Question 2

What does the shoot system do?

Answer 2

Functions: photosynthesis, transportation of food and water, reproduction, storage, response. The shoot system is located above the ground. Made up of flowers, stem, leaves, etc.

Question 3

What does the root system do?

Answer 3

Functions: Anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, transport of food and water, reproduction, storage, response. Located below ground. The root system is made up of one or more separate roots.

Question 4

What are root hairs?

Answer 4

Root hairs are tiny extensions of the tissue that helps with absorption. They store food, absorb water and minerals from soil and anchor the plant.

Question 5

What is the shoot system specialized to do?

Answer 5

It is specialized to conduct photosynthesis and reproduce sexually (flowers)

Question 6

Compare roots and shoots?

Answer 6

• systems
• contain cells and tissues
• phloem
• xylem
• water

Question 7

What is a tissue?

Answer 7

A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform specific functions.

Question 8

What are unspecialized cells in plant cells called?

Answer 8

meristematic cells

Question 9

What is a meristem region?

Answer 9

It is a region of a plant that is rich in meristematic cells

Question 10

Why would meristematic cells be used?

Answer 10

Meristematic cells are capable of division and growth in plants.

1. repair injured plant tissues
2. growth of the plant

Question 11

Using the concept of meristem regions, explain why grass grows back after you cut it but if you cut a tree at its trunk it doesn’t grow back.

Answer 11

1 meristem region is in charge of growing up and one is for growing down. In grass you are cutting above both regions so it can regrow. In trees you are cutting between the 2 so it can’t regrow up.

Question 12

What 3 main tissue systems are in plants?

Answer 12

Dermal, Vascular and ground

Question 13

Where is dermal tissue?

Answer 13

Dermal cells cover the outer surface of a plant

Question 14

Where is vascular tissue found and what does it do?

Answer 14

• Found in every root, shoot and leaf
• System is continuous (all plant parts joined by vascular tissues)
• This is the TRANSPORTATION system, that moves water, minerals and other chemicals around the plant
• All vascular tissues are connected

Question 15

What is ground tissue?

Answer 15

All other tissues (that are not vascular or dermal)

Question 16

What are 2 examples of cells from the dermal tissue and what do they do?

Answer 16

Epidermal root cells - ERC’s have extensions (root hairs) to absorb water and minerals
Epidermal leaf cells (cuticle) - ELC’s produce a layer of wax to waterproof surfaces.

Question 17

What are 2 examples of vascular tissue?

Answer 17

Phloem and xylem

Question 18

What does Phloem do?

Answer 18

Phloem transports dissolved food materials and hormones throughout the plant.

It transports sugars produced by photosynthesis (and hormones)

** phloem can move sugar downwards (from the leaves and stems) or upwards (from the roots)

Phloem are alive while functioning.

Question 19

What does xylem do?

Answer 19

Xylem transports water and dissolved materials from the roots to the leaves and stems.

Question 20

What is xylem’s structure?

Answer 20

Xylem cells are hollow tubes with rigid walls. They have no cytoplasm, nucleus or organelles. (allows for easier transportation of water).

Mature xylem cells are not considered living tissue

REMEMBER: water and dissolved minerals only travel upwards.

Question 21

What does ground tissue do?

Answer 21

It is the ‘filler’ between dermal and vascular systems:

• in green parts of the plant, they MANUFACTURE NUTRIENTS via PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• In stems, they provide STORAGE and SUPPORT
• In roots, they STORE CHARBOHYDRATES

Question 22

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 22

light energy + carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

Question 23

What organelle does photosynthesis occur in?

Answer 23

Chloroplasts

Question 24

Why are the shape of leaves (thin and widespread) good for them?

Answer 24

Increases SA. makes a larger area for light to enter.

Question 25

Where are the chloroplasts found?

Answer 25

The mesophyll layers. Spongy and palisade

Question 26

Where is the palisade mesophyll located?

Answer 26

Where there is maximun light. *they are closely packed together

Question 27

Where are the spongy mesophyll located?

Answer 27

Throughout the leaf with air pockets imbetween.

Question 28

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 28

In the mesophyll layers, especially the palisade layer (this is where the chlorophyll is)

Question 29

How does the leaf obtain CO2?

Answer 29

• CO2 will naturally diffuse into a leaf. To avoid too much diffusion, the leaf is coated with a layer of epidermal tissue called the CUTICLE.
• Gasses enter and exit through openings in the leaf called STOMATA
• Stomata are controlled by GUARD CELLS (dermal tissue)

Question 30

How does the leaf obtain water?

Answer 30

• Leaves will close their stomata when water levels are low.
• Leaves obtain water through vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
  - Arranged as bundles called VASCULAR BUNDLES and run from root to leaf
  - Root hairs (epidermal) grow into soil from roots and obtain water via diffusion
  - Water is transferred via xylem, from the roots to the leaves.

Question 31

Examples of dermal tissue?

Answer 31

Root hairs, cuticle, guard cell.

Question 32

Examples of vascular tissue?

Answer 32

xylem and phloem

Question 33

Ground tissue cells?

Answer 33

Mesophyll cells (spongy and palisade). (potato, (the inside is a bunch of sugars and stuff stored on the inside)

Question 34

What are the parts of a leaf?

Answer 34

Cuticle, upper epidermis, mesophyll layers (spongy and palisade), guard cells, stomata, lower epidermis, vascular bundle (xylem and phloem),