Parts of a cell

Question 1

Description of structure: mitochondrion

Answer 1

Bean-shaped, double membrane, inner membrane highly folded

Question 2

Description of functions: mitochondrion

Answer 2

Creates energy for the cell

Question 3

Relate S to F: Mitochondrion

Answer 3

Inner membrane being folded provides a greater surface area - leading to more space available for energy production.

Question 4

Structure - nucleolus

Answer 4

Small dark spot located inside the nucleus made of proteins and RNA.

Question 5

Function - nucleolus

Answer 5

Produces ribosomes (which are involved in making proteins)

Question 6

Relate S to F - nucleolus

Answer 6

Because proteins are made from DNA instructions, it is handy to have them in the nucleus with the DNA.

Question 7

Structure: chloroplast

Answer 7

Green organelles located in plant cells, double membrane, contains chlorophyll

Question 8

Function - chloroplast

Answer 8

Carry out the process of photosynthesis

Question 9

Relate S to F: chloroplast

Answer 9

Because it contains chlorophyll it is able to absorb light and perform photosynthesis.

Question 10

Structure: Nucleus

Answer 10

Membrane - bound (by nuclear membrane), contains nuclear pores (holes in membrane)

Question 11

Function - nucleus

Answer 11

Holds genetic material, directs and controls all processes carried out by the cell

Question 12

Relate S to F: Nucleus

Answer 12

Genetic material is kept here - therefore it can control all of the cell’s processed. Nuclear pores allow materials to get in and out of the nucleus.

Question 13

Structure: Vacuole

Answer 13

Large, sac-like structure (larger in plant cells than animal cells)

Question 14

Function: vacuole

Answer 14

Water storage

Question 15

Relate S to F: vacuole

Answer 15

Sac-like structure allows it to store water.

Question 16

Structure: Cytoplasm (cytosol)

Answer 16

Semi-fluid like substance located throughout the cell

Question 17

Function: cytoplasm (cytosol)

Answer 17

Holds organelles in place

Question 18

Relate S to F: cytoplasm

Answer 18

Because it is like ‘jello’ in consistence it is able to hold organelles generally in place (in conjunction with cytoskeleton)

Question 19

Structure: cell membrane

Answer 19

Made of a liquid bilayer, surrounds cytoplasm

Question 20

Function: Cell membrane

Answer 20

Semi-permeable (lets some substances in, while excluding others) protects cell from foreign substances.

Question 21

Relate S to F: Cell membrane

Answer 21

Semi permeability of membrane allows it to regulate what materials can and can’t enter/exit the cell

Question 22

Structure: Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

Flattened, membrane-enclosed tubes continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus.

Question 23

Function: endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

Transport materials, help with protein synthesis

Question 24

Relate S to F: Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 24

Because they are hollow tubes they are easily able to transport materials. Close to the nucleus becasue many of the important cell information is kept here

Question 25

Structure: golgi bodies

Answer 25

A series of flattened membrane-enclosed disks

Question 26

Function - Golgi bodies

Answer 26

Packages vesicles with things like digestive enzymes and cellular wastes

Question 27

Relate S to F - Golgi bodies

Answer 27

Because tightly ‘squished’ it increases surface area, allowing more vesicles to be packaged

Question 28

Structure: vesicles

Answer 28

Fluid-enclosed sac surrounded by a membrane

Question 29

Function - vesicles

Answer 29

Various functions, depending on what it contains

Question 30

Structure - lysosomes

Answer 30

Type of vesicle (packaged by the golgi bodies) that contains digestive chemicals

Question 31

Function - lysosomes

Answer 31

Kill foreign material in the cell. Can also kill the cell (cell suicide = APOPTOSIS).

Question 32

Relate S to F - lysosomes

Answer 32

Enzymes inside allow lysosomes to digest the cell.

Question 33

Structure - ribosome

Answer 33

Small structure composed of RNA (similar to DNA). Many found along endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Function - ribosome

Answer 34

Involved in protein synthesis

Question 35

Relate S and F - ribosome

Answer 35

Location along endoplasmic reticulum allows easier protein synthesis because genetic material is located close by.

Question 36

Structure - cytoskeleton

Answer 36

Proteins called microtubules and microfilaments embedded in cytoplasm

Question 37

Function - cytoskeleton

Answer 37

Mostly for support of cell and hold organelles in place

Question 38

Structure - cell wall

Answer 38

Tough, outer layer of plant cells

Question 39

Function - Cell wall

Answer 39

Protection prevents over-expansion of plant cells

Question 40

Relate S and F - cell wall

Answer 40

Tough material is flexible, allowing cell to expand without bursting if too much water enters the cell.