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Science > Grade 9 Science Exam > Flashcards

Grade 9 Science Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What element is H?

A

Hydrogen

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2
Q

What element is He?

A

Helium

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3
Q

What is the short form for Lithium?

A

Li

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4
Q

What element is Be?

A

Beryllium

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5
Q

What element is B?

A

Boron

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6
Q

What is the short form for Carbon?

A

C

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7
Q

What is the short form for Nitrogen?

A

N

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8
Q

What is the short form for Oxygen?

A

O

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9
Q

What element is F?

A

Fluorine

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10
Q

What element is Ne?

A

Neon

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11
Q

What element is Na?

A

Sodium

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12
Q

What element is Mg?

A

Magnesium

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13
Q

What element is Al?

A

Aluminium

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14
Q

What is the short form for Silicon?

A

Si

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15
Q

What element is P?

A

Phosphorus

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16
Q

What element is S?

A

Sulfur

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17
Q

What element is Cl?

A

Chlorine

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18
Q

What is the short form for Argon?

A

Ar

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19
Q

What element is K?

A

Potassium

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20
Q

What element is Ca?

A

Calcium

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21
Q

State of Matter

A

Describes whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas at a certain temperature

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22
Q

Texture

A

Describes how the surface of a substance feels

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23
Q

Lustre

A

Describes how well the surface of a substance reflects light (dull, shiny)

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24
Q

Odour

A

Describes the small. (avoid using “like”)

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25
Q

Light Transmission

A

Describes how light reacts with a surface (Transparent, Translucent, Opaque)

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26
Q

Conductivity

A

Describes how well a substance lets heat or electricity pass through it (rubber is bad, copper is good)

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27
Q

Solubility

A

A measure of how well a substance dissolves in another substance (salt=soluble, glue = insoluble)

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28
Q

Malleability

A

The ability of a substance to be molded or bent

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29
Q

Density

A

Describes how compact a substance is (sand is more dense than water)

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30
Q

Ductility

A

The ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire (copper)

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31
Q

Vapour

A

A substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature but is in a gaseous state (steam)

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32
Q

What is a characteristic physical property

A

A specific property that is UNIQUE to a substance (E.g. Boiling point of water)

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33
Q

When are chemical properties observed?

A

Chemical properties are only observable during a chemical reaction. Describes how matter reacts or doesn’t react with another substance

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34
Q

What are the the four chemical properties?

A

Combustibility - Describe the ability of a substance to catch fire or burn in air

Re activity - Describes what happens during and what is made after a substance mixes with one another

Non-reactive - If two substances do not react

Decomposition - Describes the change that can occur when a substance is broken down into the substances it is made of.

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35
Q

What is Aerogel?

A

Solid, Low density. Gel with the liquid removed and gas is put instead. Translucent.

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36
Q

What did Democritus believe?

A

(1) Everything is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible, Greek word atomos. Different things are made of different atoms.

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37
Q

What did Dalton believe?

A

All matter is made of atoms that can be combined (compound). Atoms if the same element are the same and atoms of different elements are different. Indivisible

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38
Q

What did Thompson believe?

A

Atoms contained smaller particles that were negatively charged (electrons). RAISIN BUN OR PLUM PUDDING MODEL. Bun represents the positive mass and the raisins (spread out) are electrons.

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39
Q

What did Rutherford believe?

A

GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT. Atom is mostly empty space. Small densely packed positively charged area in the middle (nucleus). He thought the positive (alpha) particles would go through the foil but they deflected straight back, Because positive deflects positive.

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40
Q

What did Bohr believe?

A

Nucleus is in the center of the atom and contains protons and neutrons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in certain fixed energy levels (shells). Energy must be given out when “excited” electrons fall from a high energy level to a low one. This produced light spectrum of a certain color.

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41
Q

Skull with bones

A

Toxic immediate and severe (poisonous)

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42
Q

Bottle

A

Compressed Gas

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43
Q

Flame

A

Flammable and combusible

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44
Q

Flame with “o”

A

Oxidizing material

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45
Q

T

A

Toxic long term concealed

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46
Q

3 circles

A

biohazourdous

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47
Q

Poison being poured on someones hand

A

Corrosive material

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48
Q

Big R

A

Dangerously reactive material

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49
Q

What does the octagon around a WHIMIS symbol mean?

A

Danger

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50
Q

What does the diamond around a WHIMIS symbol mean?

A

Warning

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51
Q

What does an upside down triangle around a WHIMIS symbol mean?

A

Caution

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52
Q

What colour is a product label?

A

Black with the info already filled in

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53
Q

What colour is a workplace label?

A

Red with the info not filled in

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54
Q

What charge, location and size are protons?

A

Positive, inside the nucleus, 1 amu

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55
Q

What charge, location and size are neutrons?

A

Neutral, inside the nucleus, 1 amu

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56
Q

What charge, location and size are electrons?

A

Negative, outside the nucleus, 0 amu

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57
Q

What does the atomic number (smaller) tell you?

A

Number of Protons and by default the number of electrons

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58
Q

What does the atomic mass number tell you?

A

The number of neutrons. You subtract the atomic number to get the number of neutrons

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59
Q

In standard atomic notation which number is on top?

A

The atomic mass number (the larger of the two)

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60
Q

What is an ion?

A

Ions are groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge. *only deals with electrons

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61
Q

What charge does a cation have?

A

Positive

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62
Q

What do you call a negative ion

A

Anion

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63
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An element with the same atomic number (# of protons) but a different mass number.

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64
Q

How many electrons can you put on each shell?

A

2, 8, 8, 2

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65
Q

For a Bohr- Rutherford diagram what do you put in the middle?

A

P=?
N=?
*when drawing the electrons put them opposite then pair them up.

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66
Q

What are groups/families?

A

The colons on the periodic table

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67
Q

What are periods?

A

The rows on the periodic table.

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68
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest unit that an element can be divided into and still be that element

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69
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together.

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70
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

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71
Q

What are the two types of matter?

A

Mixtures and Pure substances

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72
Q

What is a pure substance? What are the two types?

A

Matter with a specific composition. An element is composed of one type of atom. and a compound

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73
Q

What is a mixture? What are the two types?

A

Two or more substances that are physically mixed not chemically combined. Substances that can be separated by physical methods. Homogeneous = the composition is uniform throughout. The different parts are not visible, for example brass (copper and zinc). Heterogeneous = Not uniform You can see the different parts. Composed of particles that do not completely mix, For example a chocolate chip cookie.

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74
Q

What are the 5 signs a chemical change has occurred?

A
  1. It releases heat (exothermic reaction)
  2. A colour change (happens chemically)
  3. A gas is produced (bubbles or odor)
  4. A new substance with new properties is formed
  5. Precipitate (when a sold is formed from two liquids mixing)
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75
Q

How does lightning happen?

A

Lightning is caused by imbalances between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves.

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76
Q

What is grounding?

A

A neutral object is created from a charged object by connecting the object to the ground by a conductor.

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77
Q

In charging through induction what do the charges end up being?

A

The charge on the object becomes opposite to the rod.

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78
Q

In charging through conduction what do the charges end up being?

A

The charges are the same

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79
Q

What is a conductor?

A

Material that permits electrons to flow freely (from particle to particle)

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80
Q

What is an insulator?

A

Insulators are materials that stop the free flow of electrons (from atom to atom or molecule)

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81
Q

What is the electrostatic series?

A

It is a list that tells you what charge the materials will end up with. The item at the top will lose electrons and become positive, the one on the bottom will gain and become negative.

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82
Q

What is static electricity?

A

Static electricity is the buildup of a charge on an object. It does not flow and involves friction.

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83
Q

Do metals like to gain or lose electrons?

A

They like to lose to become stable

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84
Q

Do non-metals like to gain or lose electrons?

A

They like to gain to become stable

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85
Q

What are the attraction laws?

A

Opposites attract, like charges repel. Neutral object are attracted to charged objects, neutral and neutral noting happens

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86
Q

what does the source do?

A

The source gives the coulombs their energy by lifting them to a higher voltage (potential)

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87
Q

What is the difference between a switch and insulators?

A

You have control over a swtich

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88
Q

What does an ammeter do?

A

It measures the number of coulombs passing a particular point every second.

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89
Q

What does a voltmeter do?

A

Measures how much energy the coulombs lost while traveling through the load and gained while raised through the battery.

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90
Q

What does the load do?

A

It transforms the energy from one type to another.

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91
Q

Where do ammeters and voltmeters go?

A

An ammeter goes in the circuit (must break the circuit) while a voltmeter can be placed around the source or load.

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92
Q

What is a coulomb?

A

A group of electrons

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93
Q

What is voltage?

A

The amount of energy each coulomb contains.

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94
Q

What is a short circuit?

A

A short circuit is when coulombs have too much energy (voltage is high) and the current is high. This can burn out a load.

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95
Q

Where do electrons enter a circuit?

A

Electrons enter the positive side and leave the negative. (leave the small side)

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96
Q

What is current electricity?

A

The controlled flow of electrons through a conductor

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97
Q

What is a source?

A

Where the energy comes from

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98
Q

How many volts are in one cell?

A

1.5

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99
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

Has 1 path. When more bulbs are added they get dimmer. If one bulb is unscrewed the other bulbs will not work due to a broken circuit. The current is the same throughout while voltage is divided between the loads.

100
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

There is more then 1 path. When one bulb is unscrewed the others are not affected. The voltage is the same throughout. While the current is divided among the separate paths.

101
Q

What is power?

A

Power is the rate at which a device converts energy.

102
Q

What is electrical power?

A

Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is produced or consumed in a given time.

103
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

Watt. Which is equal to 1 joule per second (j/s). Joules is work or energy.

104
Q

How many watts in a kilowatt?

A

1000

105
Q

How many watts in a megawatt?

A

1, 000, 000

106
Q

What is power rating?

A

On factor that affects the amount of energy we use in our homes and schools is the power rating.

107
Q

Wattage?

A

The higher the power rating value or wattage a device has, the more electrical energy it produces (or uses to operate)

108
Q

What does the triangle used to calculate power and energy look like?

A

E on top and P and T on the bottom

109
Q

What does Ohm’s law state?

A

If you double the voltage across the resistor the current through it doubles too. If the resistance is higher in one then another then there will be less current. If you cut voltage in half then the current is halved. The Current is PROPORTIONAL to the voltage.

110
Q

What dies the triangle that involves voltage look like?

A

V is on top and R and I are on the bottom

111
Q

What is resistance?

A

The property of a substance that hinders the movement (motion) of electric charge and converts electrical energy into other forms.

112
Q

What is the common voltage in a Canadian house?

A

120V

113
Q

What does GFI stand for?

A

Ground Fault Interuption

114
Q

For an average density residential customer who uses 800 kwh a month what is the delivery charge?

A

38% of the bill

115
Q

What is an Ecosystem?

A

All the living organisms and their physical and chemical environment

116
Q

What does biotic mean?

A

A term applied to living or once living things in the environment.

117
Q

What does abiotic mean?

A

A term applied to non-living things in the environment

118
Q

What is a producer?

A

Something that makes its own food. Plants that use the energy from the sun to make the nutrients they need to survive.

119
Q

What is a consumer?

A

Organisms that eat the food made by the producer

120
Q

What does mimicry mean?

A

Mimicry is when one organism is benefited by resembling another organism.

121
Q

What is another name for a producer?

A

Autotroph

122
Q

What is another name for a consumer?

A

Heterotroph

123
Q

What does mutualism mean?

A

When you have two different species and they both benefit. For example a humming bird and a flower. (++)

124
Q

What does parasitism mean?

A

Is a relationship where one is harmed and the other benefits. For example a mosquito. (+-)

125
Q

What does commensalism mean?

A

Where one receives a benefit and the other is not affected by it. For example a lion and a vulture.

126
Q

What does a scavenger do?

A

A scavenger is an organism that consumes decaying biomass, such as meat or rotting plants.

127
Q

What does a decomposer do?

A

An organism that decomposes organic material

128
Q

What is population?

A

A population is a summation of all the organisms of the all the organisms of the same group that live in the same geographical area and have the capability of interbreeding.

129
Q

What is a community?

A

An interacting group of various species in a common location. For example a Forrest.

130
Q

What is Detritus?

A

Detritus is dead particulate sub-organic material.It typically includes the bodies or fragments of dead organisms as well as fecal material.

131
Q

What does a detrivore eat?

A

An animal that feeds on dead organic material, especially plant detritus.

132
Q

What is a trophic level?

A

Each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem. Organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.

133
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

Any factor that restricts the size of a population.

134
Q

What is a tolerance range?

A

The abiotic conditions within which a species can survive.

135
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The sky

136
Q

What is the Hydrosphere?

A

The water (rivers)

137
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

Trees and life

138
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Land. The earth’s crust

139
Q

What are the similarities of all nutrient cycles?

A
  1. Plants are the first to get the nutrients (producers). They convert them into a form they can use.
  2. Nutrients travels through the food chain by an organism eating another.
  3. Decomposers break down organic matter into a form plants can use
  4. Large reservoirs exist for storage
140
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

A place where where chemicals can be held for a long period of time and can accumulate.

141
Q

What is a process?

A

The method through which chemical (nutrients) go from one reservoir to another. For example water from a lake is taken up by the atmosphere through evaporation.

142
Q

What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

A

Individual (one), population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere.

143
Q

Biotic potential?

A

The maximum reproductive capacity of a population,

144
Q

What is population ecology?

A

The study of how organisms relate to eachother in their environment. And the dynamics of a population for example how fast a population grows or how large it becomes.

145
Q

What are limiting factors?

A

Factors that LIMIT population growth. These factors can be both biotic and abiotic.

146
Q

What is the optimum range?

A

The optimum range is where everything is just right. Thee is not too much or too little of anything.

147
Q

What is the best way to wipe out a species?

A

Remove them from their natural habitat.

148
Q

What are some carbon reservoirs?

A

Marine life, deep ocean, surface ocean, land plants, soil and the atmosphere.

149
Q

How does a carbon atom come to the surface?

A

A carbon atom can be cycled into the surface by diffusing (moving from an are of high concentration to low) from the atmosphere, by decomposing marine life or from circulating water from the deep ocean.

150
Q

What takes more carbon, the land or ocean?

A

Ocean

151
Q

What absorbs carbon faster, cold or warm water?

A

Cold

152
Q

How long does carbon stay in the deep ocean for?

A

Hundreds of years

153
Q

What is global warming?

A

The more carbon in the atmosphere the warmer our planet gets.

154
Q

How much of the earth’s carbon is stored in the soil?

A

About 3%

155
Q

Where do all organisms get energy from?

A

Glucose

156
Q

How are cellular respiration and glucose related?

A

Cellular respiration is the most efficient method for extracting the energy from glucose.

157
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process of respiration is opposite to photosynthesis. Cellular respiration consumes Oxygen and requires glucose and produces carbon dioxide and energy in the form ATP.

158
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –) 6CO2+6H20 + energy

159
Q

Where does CR occur?

A

The Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)

160
Q

What are the reactants (left side) of photosynthesis?

A

Water (H2O), Carbon (CO2), chlorophyll and sunlight.

161
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis (right side)

A

Glucose and Oxygen

162
Q

Where does Photosynthesis take place?

A

In the Chloroplasts of the plants

163
Q

When does photosynthesis occur?

A

During the day because it requires sunlight

164
Q

What are the reactants (left side) of CR?

A

Oxygen and glucose

165
Q

What are the products (right side) of CR?

A

Carbon dioxide, water and energy

166
Q

When does CR occur?

A

Day and night (24/7)

167
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

When death rate = birth rate there is a stable balance. There are a certain # of individuals of a population that can be supported by the environmental resources in a given ecosystem. That is called the carrying capacity or steady rate of an ecosystem.

168
Q

What is predation?

A

One organism eats another organism to obtain food.

169
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

A close interaction between two different species in which members of one species live in, on or near members of another species. There are 3 main types.

170
Q

What is competition?

A

The interaction between two or more organisms competing for the same resources in a habitat. ( if they are to co exist one must slightly change its niche)

171
Q

What is a niche in ecology?

A

Somethings role or job in an ecosystem

172
Q

What is competitive exclusion principal?

A

The principal that when 2 species compete for the same resources withing an environment one of them will eventually out compete and displace the other. *or one could change its niche.

173
Q

What is a food chain?

A

It shows what eats what and how energy is passed through an ecosystem

174
Q

What is a food web?

A

Several food chains linked together

175
Q

How do you format a food chain?

A

On the left you put the thing that is consumed then an arrow and then the thing that eats it and so on. For example: Grass –) grasshopper

176
Q

What must a food chain always start with?

A

A producer or detritus

177
Q

What is the role of phosphorus in our bodies?

A

DNA, Most of our bodies phosphorus is in bones and teeth.

178
Q

How does phosphorus get from rocks to us?

A

During weathering, rocks release phosphorus in the form of phosphate in the soil. Phosphate then enters plants (or other producers) and from the producers, it is consumed by the rest of the food chain. It does the same thing with animals. Decomposes release it and it gets back in the ground through feces.

179
Q

How does phosphorus relate to aquatic organisms?

A

Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient for aquatic organisms.

180
Q

What is Eutrophication?

A

The enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrients. It can be a natural process in lakes, occurring as they age through geological time.

181
Q

How does Eutrophication work?

A

First excess nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) wash into the water from the farmers field, fertilizer, or animal waste. The algae blooms. Bacteria population then explodes using up the dissolved oxygen in the water. Fish and other organisms cannot get enough oxygen to survive and die. Eventually as the plants die and turn to sedement and sink the bottom starts to rise , the water grows shallower and eventually it is filled and completely disappears.

182
Q

What is dissolved oxygen?

A

The amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the water and is essential to healthy lakes and streams. High DO = good water quality. Low DO = Bad

183
Q

What is Biological oxygen demand (BOD)?

A

A measure of the oxygen used by microorganisms to decompose waste. High BOD = low DO, because it is used by the microorganisms to decompose waste. (poor water quality) High BOD = bad. Low = good.

184
Q

What are the 4 main requirements for photosynthesis?

A

Light- It is used to split the water in the plant into hydrogen and oxygen.

Chlorophyll (absorb the sunlight) Chlorophyll are in the chloroplasts and is the green pigment.

Water - Plants move the water around specialized structures called xylem. The oxygen is released through the stomata (tiny holes)

Carbon Dioxide - Enters through the stomata and combines with the stored energy in the chloroplasts through a chemical reaction to produce glucose (sugar)

185
Q

Does the plant use all of the energy?

A

Some of the sugar is used right away for energy but some is stored as starch and some is built into more complex substance, like plant tissue or cellulose. Plants also often produce more food then they need so it is stored in t stems, roots, seeds or fruit. We can get the energy by eating the plant itself.

186
Q

What are 3 benefits of photosynthesis?

A
  1. Produces glucose and an energy supply that plants and the organisms tat eat them require for life’s activities.
  2. Releases oxygen into the atmosphere where most organisms require it to breath.
  3. Removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
187
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + H2O –) C6H12O6 (glucose) +O2

** On the arrow draw the sun and write chlorophyll

188
Q

Where does the CO2 come from?

A

It comes from the air where living organisms have breathed it out. It enters the stomata

189
Q

What happens to the CO2?

A

It gets pulled apart. An O goes to make some water and the other C and O gets made into glucose.

190
Q

What happens to the water molecule?

A

The H’s and O’s get separated. The O’s left in pairs out of the Stomata as O2 gas. The H’s make water and glucose.

191
Q

What does the sun in the equation represent?

A

Energy from the sun used for the change.

192
Q

How is the O2 formed and where does it go?

A

The O’s are from the water and are pulled apart and leave in pairs out of the stomata as O2 gas.

193
Q

Why is water on both sides of a balanced equation?

A

Water is used in the reaction and water is made by the reaction so it appears on both sides of the equation.

194
Q

How could you balance the photosynthesis equation?

A

Add a 6 in front of everything except the arrow.

195
Q

What is a lightyear?

A

A unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year, nearly 6 trillion miles

196
Q

What is a constellation?

A

An easily recognizable group of stars for example the bid dipper

197
Q

What is a nebula?

A

A cloud of interstellar gas dust. The nursery for the stars

198
Q

What is Alpha Centauri?

A

A group of three stars that are closest to the solar system.

199
Q

What is the milky way?

A

The galaxy that contains our solar system

200
Q

What is a supercluster?

A

A cluster of galaxies which themselves occur as clusters

201
Q

WHat is Dark matter?

A

Unseen matter that makes up 90% of the universe

202
Q

What is the red shift of light spectrum?

A

When an object is moved away from us, its light gets shifted into the red spectrum which means is has longer wavelengths.

203
Q

What is a celestial body?

A

A natural body in space outside of earth’s atmosphere. E.g. asteroid, meteoroid

204
Q

What is gravity?

A

The force of attraction between all masses in the universe. For example us and the ground.

205
Q

WHat is inertia?

A

The resistance an object has to change in its state of motion

206
Q

What is the heliopause

A

The boundary of the heliosphere

207
Q

What is the Oort cloud?

A

The Oort cloud starts at Jupiter and is where millions of cellestial bodies can be found past pluto orbiting around the sun.

Origin of most of the long living comets we have seen

208
Q

What are the inner planets?

A

The first 4 planets closest to the sun in the solar system. (Mercury, Venus, Mars and Earth). Share the same characteristics. Small with rocky cores.

209
Q

What are the outer planets? A.K.A gas giants or jovian

A

The last 4 planets farther away from the sun (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune).They are seperated from the inner planets by the asteroid belt in between Mars an Jupiter.Mostly made of gas ad ice. Very big.

210
Q

What is a comet?

A

A ball of ice and dust that orbits the sun in eccentric patterns, as it gets closer to the sun the ice starts melting leaving a coma trailing the comet

211
Q

What is a meteor?

A

A small particle of ice or dust which burns away in earth’s atmosphere when it enters. (the flash we see)

212
Q

What is the heliosphere?

A

the region of space, encompassing the solar system, in which the solar wind has a significant influence

213
Q

WHat is a meteorite?

A

If a meteor survives through the earth’s atmosphere, it will land on the surface of the earth. and then it will be called a meteorite/

214
Q

What is a meteoroid?

A

A small rocky object in orbit around the sun.

215
Q

What is the moon?

A

A natural satellite of the earth often visible at night.

216
Q

What is a natural satellite?

A

A natural satellite is any celestial body in space that orbits around a larger body

217
Q

What is voyager?

A

A NASA mission that is researching the depths of the solar system and heliosphere.

218
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

A small planetary body in orbit around the sun which is bigger then a meteoroid but smaller then a planet.

219
Q

WHat is the golden record?

A

Records on the voyagers that contain sounds and images to portray the diverse culture of life on earth and are intended for extraterrestrials.

220
Q

What is rotation?

A

The moving of a celestial body around its axis.

221
Q

What is revolution?

A

Rotation is when a planet or moon turns all the way around or spins on its axis one time. The axis of rotation is an imaginary line going from the north pole to the south pole. When a planet or moon travels once around an object this is considered a revolution.

**The earth travelling around the sun. 365 days is that revolution

222
Q

What is Polaris?

A

The North Star found in the Ursa Minoris and is the brightest star in the constellation.

223
Q

What is retrograde motion?

A

Motion of a planet to move in the opposite direction of other planets in the solar system observed from a particular point.

This retrograde motion is entirely an illusion caused by the Earth passing the slower moving outer planets.

224
Q

What does luminous mean?

A

Amount of light emitted by a star

225
Q

What does non-luminous mean?

A

Not capable of producing light but capable to reflect light off another source.

226
Q

WHat is an astronomical unit?

A

a unit of measurement equal to 149.6 million kilometers, the mean distance from the center of the earth to the center of the sun.

227
Q

What is a dwarf planet?

A

a celestial body resembling a small planet but lacking certain technical criteria that are required for it to be classed as such.

228
Q

What is eccentricity?

A

Eccentricity is used to describe how round or how stretched out an ellipse is.

229
Q

WHat is an ellipse?

A

An ellipse is the shape of the orbit (Oval)

230
Q

What is orbit?

A

the curved path of a celestial object or spacecraft around a star, planet, or moon

231
Q

WHat is the solar system?

A

the collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and comets

232
Q

WHat is a solar flare?

A

a brief eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun’s surface, associated with sunspots

233
Q

WHat is solar wind?

A

The solar wind is a stream of energized, charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, flowing outward from the Sun, through the solar system at speeds as high as 900 km/s and at a temperature of 1 million degrees (Celsius). It is made of plasma.

234
Q

What is coma?

A

As the ices of the comet nucleus evaporate, they expand rapidly into a large cloud around the central part of the comet. This is called the coma

235
Q

WHat is a photosphere?

A

The photosphere is the visible surface of the Sun that we are most familiar with. Since the Sun is a ball of gas, this is not a solid surface but is actually a layer about 100 km thick

236
Q

What is the convection zone?

A

The convection zone is the outer-most layer of the solar interior

At the base of the convection zone the temperature is about 2,000,000° C. This is “cool” enough for the heavier ions (such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and iron) to hold onto some of their electrons. This makes the material more opaque so that it is harder for radiation to get through. This traps heat that ultimately makes the fluid unstable and it starts to “boil” or convect.

237
Q

What is the Radioactive zone?

A

The radiative zone extends outward from the outer edge of the core to the interface layer or tachocline at the
base of the convection zone

The radiative zone is characterized by the method of energy transport - radiation. The energy generated in the core is carried by light (photons) that bounces from particle to particle through the radiative zone.

238
Q

WHat is the asteroid belt?

A

The asteroid belt is a region of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where most of the asteroids in our Solar System are found orbiting the Sun. The asteroid belt probably contains millions of asteroids.

239
Q

What is the big bang theory?

A

The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began.

240
Q

WHat is cosmology?

A

the science of the origin and development of the universe

241
Q

Who is Stephen Hawking?

A

Stephen hawking is helped create the current way we look at the BBT. He is a cosmologist among many other things.

242
Q

What is the order of the planets from the sun?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

243
Q

WHat is energy from the star released as?

A

Electromagnetic radiation, which includes visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, x-rays and gamma rays

244
Q

What else leaves the star and where do they come from?

A

Very small particles leave the star. They are the by-products of the nuclear reactions.

245
Q

The three main characteristics of stars are?

A
  1. Luminosity (Not very bright)
  2. Temperature (nice-medium temperature)
  3. Radius (small)
246
Q

Stars and colours?

A 
Red = less than 6000 degrees
Blue = hot at 30, 000 degrees
Yellow = on the cooler side with 6000 degrees

Science (8 decks)

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